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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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  • FactTardigrade
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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byevolutionClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 54

NewestMost votedA to Z
biology
Fact· Empirical

Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae, with over 14,000 described species and an estimated global population around twenty quadrillion…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Empirical

Platypus

The platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal of eastern Australia. It lays eggs, produces milk without nipples, detects…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
microbiology
Fact

Viruses

Infectious agents consisting of genetic material inside a protein coat, which reproduce only inside living cells. They are the most numerous…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Fact

Mass Extinctions

Intervals in which a large proportion of species disappeared worldwide in a geologically short time. Five are conventionally recognised in the past…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
microbiology
Fact

Archaea

A domain of single-celled organisms distinct from both bacteria and eukaryotes. Their recognition as a separate branch of life in 1977 restructured…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Fact

Sex Determination

The mechanisms by which an organism develops as male, female or another form. The systems are far more varied than the mammalian arrangement…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Fact

Trilobites

An extinct class of marine arthropods that existed for roughly 270 million years, left an exceptionally rich fossil record, and are among the most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Fact

Mutation

A change in the sequence of an organism's DNA. Mutations are the ultimate source of all genetic variation, most have no effect, some cause disease,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Fact

Fossils

The preserved remains or traces of past life. They are the direct evidence for the history of life on Earth, and the record they form is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Debunked

Telegony

The belief that a female's offspring can inherit characteristics from a male she mated with previously, even when he did not father them. It is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Debunked

Recapitulation Theory

Ernst Haeckel's claim that an embryo passes through the adult forms of its ancestors as it develops, summarised as the slogan that ontogeny…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Theory

Optimal Foraging Theory

The proposal that animals forage in ways that maximise net energy gained per unit time, because selection favours whatever feeding behaviour leaves…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Theory

Life History Theory

The framework that treats an organism's schedule of growth, reproduction and death as an evolved allocation of limited resources, subject to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Theory

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

The proposal that the great majority of genetic differences within and between species are not adaptive, but are changes with no effect on fitness…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Hypothesis

The Molecular Clock

The proposal that genetic differences accumulate at a roughly constant rate, so counting them dates the split between two lineages. It transformed…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Major Transitions in Evolution

The proposal that the history of life is punctuated by a small number of events in which independently reproducing entities combined into a larger…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Sexy Son Hypothesis

The proposal that a female may benefit from choosing an attractive mate even if he provides nothing else, because her sons inherit the attractiveness…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Baldwin Effect

The proposal that behaviours learned during life can steer subsequent genetic evolution, without any Lamarckian inheritance of acquired traits. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Hypothesis

The Boring Billion

The proposal that Earth spent roughly a billion years, from about 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago, in near-total stasis: stable climate, stable…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

Group Selection

The proposal that natural selection can act on groups as well as individuals, favouring traits that benefit the group at the individual's expense. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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