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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactClear all

Results

Showing 101 to 120 of 599

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Urban Parks

Public open green space within a city, maintained for recreation and amenity. They were created deliberately as a response to industrial urban…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Sacred Texts

Writings a religious tradition treats as authoritative. What that authority consists of, how the text was fixed, and how it may be interpreted differ…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Quantum Spin

An intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by particles, with no counterpart in classical physics. Nothing is rotating, the quantity is quantised,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Political Parties

Organisations that seek to place their members in government, generally by contesting elections. They are not mentioned in most founding…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Mass Extinctions

Intervals in which a large proportion of species disappeared worldwide in a geologically short time. Five are conventionally recognised in the past…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Cell Membranes

The boundary enclosing every cell, formed from a double layer of lipid molecules with proteins embedded in it. It defines what is inside the cell,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Archaea

A domain of single-celled organisms distinct from both bacteria and eukaryotes. Their recognition as a separate branch of life in 1977 restructured…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Advertising

Paid communication intended to promote a product, service or idea. It funds most commercial media, its measured effects are smaller than its cultural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Disease Surveillance

The continuous collection and analysis of health data to detect outbreaks, monitor trends and guide response. It is the information system on which…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Soil

The layer of weathered mineral material, organic matter, water, air and organisms covering most land surfaces. It supports essentially all…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Policing

The organised enforcement of law and maintenance of public order by a body authorised by the state. Professional police forces are a nineteenth…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Climate Models

Computer simulations of the climate system, built from physical laws and used to understand past climate and project future change. They are the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Genetically Modified Crops

Plants whose genome has been altered using recombinant DNA techniques. They have been grown commercially since 1996, cover a substantial share of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Lipids

A class of biological molecules grouped by not dissolving in water. They store energy, form the boundaries of every cell, and act as signalling…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Neutron Stars

The collapsed cores left by massive stars, containing more than the Sun's mass within a sphere about twenty kilometres across. They are the densest…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Biosignatures

Measurable indicators that life is or was present. They are how the search for life beyond Earth is actually conducted, since organisms cannot be…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Pottery

Objects formed from clay and hardened by heat. Pottery is the most abundant artefact in archaeology, it survives almost indefinitely, and it is the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Correlation

A statistical measure of how far two variables move together. It is among the most widely used quantities in research and among the most widely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Steel

An alloy of iron with a small and controlled quantity of carbon. That small addition transforms a soft metal into the most widely used structural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

The University

An institution of higher education and research, granting degrees. The form originated in medieval Europe, has proved unusually durable, and combines…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
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