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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byevolutionClear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 54

NewestMost votedA to Z
biology
Hypothesis

Niche Construction

The proposal that organisms do not merely adapt to environments but build them, and that the environments they build become selection pressures for…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis

The proposal that evolutionary theory needs restructuring to give causal roles to development, inheritance beyond genes, and organisms shaping their…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Red Queen Hypothesis

The proposal that organisms must keep evolving simply to maintain their position, because everything they interact with is evolving too. It takes its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

Antagonistic Pleiotropy

The proposal that ageing is caused by genes which help early in life and harm later, and which selection favours anyway because early effects matter…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Disposable Soma Theory

The proposal that organisms age because it is not worth the energy to maintain a body indefinitely when something will kill it anyway. It explains…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Proven

Clonal Selection

The immune system generates enormous numbers of cells with randomly assembled receptors, and whichever happen to fit an invader are multiplied. It is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Hypothesis

The Old Friends Hypothesis

The proposal that the immune system requires exposure to organisms it co-evolved with in order to develop proper regulation, and that losing those…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Drunken Monkey Hypothesis

The proposal that the human attraction to alcohol descends from a primate ancestor's taste for fermenting fruit, in which ethanol signalled ripeness…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Savanna Hypothesis

The proposal that human ancestors left the forest for open grassland, and that walking upright, losing body hair and much else followed from that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Cooking Hypothesis

Richard Wrangham's proposal that cooking made humans human: that controlling fire and processing food with it supplied the energy for a large brain,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

Viral Eukaryogenesis

The proposal that the cell nucleus originated as a large DNA virus that took up permanent residence in an ancestral cell. It is a minority position…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
molecular biology
Hypothesis

The RNA World Hypothesis

The proposal that early life used RNA for both heredity and catalysis, before DNA and proteins divided those jobs between them. It solves a genuine…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Self-Domestication Hypothesis

The proposal that humans domesticated themselves, selecting over many generations against aggression and for tolerance, and that this produced our…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Endurance Running Hypothesis

The proposal that humans evolved to run long distances, and that running down prey over hours in the heat was how our ancestors hunted before…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Obstetrical Dilemma

The proposal that human childbirth is difficult because walking upright narrowed the pelvis while brains grew larger, leaving birth as a compromise…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Proven

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

In a large population with random mating and nothing else happening, gene frequencies do not change from one generation to the next. It sounds like a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Hypothesis

The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis

The proposal that genes favouring efficient fat storage were advantageous during famine and became harmful once food became abundant, explaining the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis

The proposal that the human brain could only grow large because the gut shrank, since both are metabolically costly and the body's energy budget is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Social Brain Hypothesis

The proposal that primate brains grew large to manage social relationships rather than to solve ecological problems, and that the size of a species'…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Grandmother Hypothesis

Human females stop reproducing decades before they die, which almost no other species does. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that this is an…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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