Why Do We Dream
Dreams, the vivid stories the mind plays out during sleep, are universal yet deeply mysterious. That we dream is obvious; why we dream, and what…
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What Causes Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, slowly destroying memory and thinking. That it damages the brain is clear, but what…
Are Animals Conscious?
Whether animals have conscious experiences, an inner life of feelings and awareness, is a deep and genuinely contested question. That many animals…
Quantum Entanglement as a Substrate for Consciousness
The hypothesis proposes that quantum entanglement between microtubule subunits inside neurons could provide a physical substrate for unified…
Phrenology
Phrenology was a popular nineteenth century practice that claimed a person's character and mental abilities could be read from the shape and bumps of…
The Human Brain
The human brain is the command centre of the body and the most complex object known in the universe. Weighing only about 1.4 kilograms, it contains…
The Hard Problem of Consciousness
The hard problem of consciousness is the question of why and how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experience, the felt quality…
Free Will
Free will is the question of whether people are truly free to choose their actions, or whether every choice is the inevitable product of prior…
The Gut-Brain Axis: Microbiome Influence on Mental Health
The gut-brain axis describes the bi-directional signalling between gut microbiota and the central nervous system via the vagus nerve, immune system,…