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Truth Classification

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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028 Fact599 Proven130 Theory89 Hypothesis71 Contested90 Debunked48

geography236 biology88 physics67 history54 medicine45 astronomy33 psychology26 mathematics26 chemistry20 engineering20 astrophysics19 neuroscience19 anthropology18 art18

Filtered byHypothesis Clear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 71

Newest Most voted A to Z

The Drunken Monkey Hypothesis

The proposal that the human attraction to alcohol descends from a primate ancestor's taste for fermenting fruit, in which ethanol signalled ripeness…

0 votes0 reviews

Aug 3, 2026

The Savanna Hypothesis

The proposal that human ancestors left the forest for open grassland, and that walking upright, losing body hair and much else followed from that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Integrated Information Theory

Giulio Tononi's proposal that consciousness is integrated information, quantifiable as a number called phi, and present wherever that number is above…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Free Energy Principle

Karl Friston's proposal that everything a brain does, and arguably everything any self-organising system does, can be described as minimising a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Glymphatic System

The proposal that the brain flushes waste through a network of fluid-filled channels, and that the flushing happens mainly during sleep. It was…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Faint Young Sun Paradox

The Sun was about thirty percent dimmer when the Earth was young, which should have left the planet frozen solid. The geological record shows liquid…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Giant-Impact Hypothesis

The proposal that the Moon formed from debris thrown off when a Mars-sized body struck the early Earth. It is the standard account, it explains most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Loop Quantum Gravity

An attempt to make gravity quantum by quantising spacetime itself, producing a picture in which space is granular and area and volume come in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Holographic Principle

The proposal that everything happening inside a region of space can be fully described by information stored on its boundary, so that a volume of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis

The proposal that tumours are sustained by a small subpopulation of cells with stem-like properties, and that killing the bulk of a tumour without…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Gut-Brain Axis

The proposal that gut microbes influence mood, behaviour and neurological disease, and that altering them could treat psychiatric and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

The proposal that psychosis results from excess dopamine signalling. It has organised psychiatry for sixty years, it was inferred backwards from…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Cooking Hypothesis

Richard Wrangham's proposal that cooking made humans human: that controlling fire and processing food with it supplied the energy for a large brain,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Viral Eukaryogenesis

The proposal that the cell nucleus originated as a large DNA virus that took up permanent residence in an ancestral cell. It is a minority position…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Alkaline Vent Hypothesis

The proposal that life began in alkaline hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor, where mineral chimneys provided compartments and a natural proton…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The RNA World Hypothesis

The proposal that early life used RNA for both heredity and catalysis, before DNA and proteins divided those jobs between them. It solves a genuine…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Zoo Hypothesis

The proposal that extraterrestrial civilisations exist, know we are here, and are deliberately not making contact. It is among the oldest proposed…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Self-Domestication Hypothesis

The proposal that humans domesticated themselves, selecting over many generations against aggression and for tolerance, and that this produced our…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Modified Newtonian Dynamics

Galaxies rotate faster at their edges than the visible matter can explain. The standard answer is that unseen dark matter supplies the extra gravity.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Endurance Running Hypothesis

The proposal that humans evolved to run long distances, and that running down prey over hours in the heat was how our ancestors hunted before…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

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