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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byHypothesisClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 71

NewestMost votedA to Z
Hypothesis

The Molecular Clock

The proposal that genetic differences accumulate at a roughly constant rate, so counting them dates the split between two lineages. It transformed…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Major Transitions in Evolution

The proposal that the history of life is punctuated by a small number of events in which independently reproducing entities combined into a larger…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Sexy Son Hypothesis

The proposal that a female may benefit from choosing an attractive mate even if he provides nothing else, because her sons inherit the attractiveness…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

The proposal that conditions in the womb and in early infancy set a person's risk of heart disease, diabetes and other conditions decades later. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

The proposal that schizophrenia involves underactive NMDA receptors rather than, or as well as, excess dopamine. It explains what the dopamine…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Seed and Soil Hypothesis

The proposal that cancers spread to particular organs not by accident of circulation but because those tissues are hospitable to them. It was…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Warburg Effect

Cancer cells burn glucose wastefully, converting it to lactate even when oxygen is plentiful. The observation is a century old and undisputed, it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Baldwin Effect

The proposal that behaviours learned during life can steer subsequent genetic evolution, without any Lamarckian inheritance of acquired traits. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Boring Billion

The proposal that Earth spent roughly a billion years, from about 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago, in near-total stasis: stable climate, stable…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

Group Selection

The proposal that natural selection can act on groups as well as individuals, favouring traits that benefit the group at the individual's expense. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Inflammatory Hypothesis of Depression

The proposal that inflammation causes depression in some patients. The evidence is better than for the serotonin account it partly replaced, and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

Niche Construction

The proposal that organisms do not merely adapt to environments but build them, and that the environments they build become selection pressures for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis

The proposal that evolutionary theory needs restructuring to give causal roles to development, inheritance beyond genes, and organisms shaping their…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Red Queen Hypothesis

The proposal that organisms must keep evolving simply to maintain their position, because everything they interact with is evolving too. It takes its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

Antagonistic Pleiotropy

The proposal that ageing is caused by genes which help early in life and harm later, and which selection favours anyway because early effects matter…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Disposable Soma Theory

The proposal that organisms age because it is not worth the energy to maintain a body indefinitely when something will kill it anyway. It explains…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Free Radical Theory of Ageing

The proposal that ageing is cumulative damage from reactive oxygen species produced by normal metabolism. It dominated ageing research for half a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Late Heavy Bombardment

The proposal that the inner solar system was struck by a sudden surge of impacts around 3.9 billion years ago, hundreds of millions of years after…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Social Defeat Hypothesis of Psychosis

The proposal that chronic experience of being excluded or subordinated raises the risk of psychosis, by sensitising the brain's dopamine system. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Old Friends Hypothesis

The proposal that the immune system requires exposure to organisms it co-evolved with in order to develop proper regulation, and that losing those…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
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