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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactClear all

Results

Showing 41 to 60 of 599

NewestMost votedA to Z
engineering
Fact

Refrigeration

Removing heat from a space to keep it below the surrounding temperature. It is the technology that changed what people eat more than any other, and…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Canals

Artificial waterways for navigation. Water carries heavy loads at a fraction of the effort land transport requires, and for a period of roughly a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Roads

Prepared routes for travel over land. Roads are the oldest large-scale infrastructure, the engineering problem they solve is drainage rather than…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Paper

A sheet of matted plant fibre. It replaced every earlier writing surface because it was far cheaper, and the consequences of cheap writing material…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geography
Fact

Cartography

The making of maps. Every map is a deliberate distortion, because the surface of a sphere cannot be laid flat without stretching something, and every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
sport
Fact

The Marathon

A running race of 42.195 kilometres. The distance is arbitrary, its founding story is largely legend, and it has become the standard test of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
religion
Fact

Creation Myths

Traditional accounts of how the world and its inhabitants came to exist. Every documented culture has one, they fall into a small number of recurring…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Board Games

Games played on a marked surface with pieces. They are among the oldest recorded recreational objects, they appear independently across unconnected…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Clothing

Coverings worn on the body. Clothing is functional, and its functions are only partly physical: almost everywhere it also signals identity, status…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
art
Fact

Dance

Movement of the body performed for expression, ritual or social purpose, generally in relation to rhythm. It is present in every documented human…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
art
Fact

Sculpture

Three-dimensional art, made by removing material, adding it, or casting it. The method used constrains what can be made, and much of what…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
art
Fact

Photography

Recording images by the action of light on a light-sensitive surface. It required two separate discoveries, projecting an image and fixing it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Textiles

Fabrics made from fibres. Textile production drove the first industrial mechanisation, it remains among the largest manufacturing sectors, and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Fact

Mining

Extracting minerals from the ground. Every manufactured object contains material that was mined, the industry has been transformed by scale and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact

Forestry

The management of forests for timber, other products and ecological function. It is among the oldest forms of resource management, and its central…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact

Irrigation

Supplying water to crops artificially. It made agriculture possible in places rainfall could not support, it is the largest human use of fresh water,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact

Bread

Baked dough of ground grain and water. It is among the oldest prepared foods, it supplies a substantial share of the world's calories, and its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact

Timekeeping

Measuring the passage of time and dividing it into units. Every method works by counting something that repeats regularly, and the history of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

The Battery

A device storing energy chemically and releasing it as electric current. It made electricity portable, and its energy density is the constraint…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Navigation

Determining position and finding a route. For most of history the difficult part was not direction but position, and specifically longitude, which…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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