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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byanthropologyClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 18 of 18

NewestMost votedA to Z
anthropology
Fact

Board Games

Games played on a marked surface with pieces. They are among the oldest recorded recreational objects, they appear independently across unconnected…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Clothing

Coverings worn on the body. Clothing is functional, and its functions are only partly physical: almost everywhere it also signals identity, status…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Taboo

A prohibition so strong that violating it provokes disgust or horror rather than merely disapproval. Taboos are found in every society, they are…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Gift Exchange

The transfer of objects as gifts rather than as trade, governed by obligations to give, to receive and to reciprocate. It is a distinct economic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Rites of Passage

Ceremonies marking a person's movement from one social position to another. They appear in every documented society, and they share a three-part…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Oral Tradition

The transmission of knowledge, history and literature by speech across generations, without writing. It sustained every human society before writing…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Contested

The Homo Naledi Burial Claim

The claim that Homo naledi, a small-brained hominin, deliberately buried its dead in a South African cave system, and made engravings and used fire…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Savanna Hypothesis

The proposal that human ancestors left the forest for open grassland, and that walking upright, losing body hair and much else followed from that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Cooking Hypothesis

Richard Wrangham's proposal that cooking made humans human: that controlling fire and processing food with it supplied the energy for a large brain,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Self-Domestication Hypothesis

The proposal that humans domesticated themselves, selecting over many generations against aggression and for tolerance, and that this produced our…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Endurance Running Hypothesis

The proposal that humans evolved to run long distances, and that running down prey over hours in the heat was how our ancestors hunted before…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Obstetrical Dilemma

The proposal that human childbirth is difficult because walking upright narrowed the pelvis while brains grew larger, leaving birth as a compromise…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis

The proposal that the human brain could only grow large because the gut shrank, since both are metabolically costly and the body's energy budget is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Social Brain Hypothesis

The proposal that primate brains grew large to manage social relationships rather than to solve ecological problems, and that the size of a species'…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Hypothesis

The Grandmother Hypothesis

Human females stop reproducing decades before they die, which almost no other species does. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that this is an…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Contested

Dunbar's Number

Dunbar's number is the proposal that humans can maintain roughly 150 stable social relationships, and that the limit is set by the size of the brain.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Theory

Kinship Systems

Kinship is the study of how societies organise relatedness, and it was for a long time the central preoccupation of anthropology. The finding that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Contested

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism is the principle that a culture should be understood on its own terms rather than judged against the standards of another. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews