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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bychemistryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 20

NewestMost votedA to Z
chemistry
Fact

The Battery

A device storing energy chemically and releasing it as electric current. It made electricity portable, and its energy density is the constraint…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Combustion

The rapid reaction of a fuel with an oxidant that releases heat and usually light. It is the oldest technology humans control, it still supplies most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Carbon

The element that forms the backbone of all known life, occurs as both the hardest common substance and one of the softest, and forms more compounds…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Acids and Bases

Two complementary classes of substance, defined by what they do with protons or with electron pairs. The distinction organises a large part of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Theory

Molecular Orbital Theory

The account of chemical bonding in which electrons occupy orbitals belonging to the whole molecule rather than to individual bonds. It explains facts…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Debunked

Water Memory

The claim that water retains a biological imprint of substances it once contained, after dilution so extreme that not a single molecule of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Debunked

Polywater

A supposed polymeric form of water, reported from the Soviet Union in the 1960s and studied seriously worldwide for about a decade, which turned out…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Theory

Transition State Theory

The account of chemical reaction rates that treats a reaction as passing through a specific high-energy configuration, the transition state, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Proven

Chirality

The property of an object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, as with a left and a right hand. In chemistry it applies to molecules, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Proven

Electrolysis

Using an electric current to drive a chemical reaction that would not happen on its own. It is the reverse of a battery, and it is how aluminium,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Proven

Spectroscopy

Every element absorbs and emits light at a unique set of wavelengths. Reading those wavelengths identifies what something is made of without touching…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Proven

X-ray Crystallography

A technique for determining the arrangement of atoms in a solid by firing X-rays at a crystal and reading the pattern they scatter into. It has…

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chemistry
Theory· Scientific

Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding is the theory of how atoms join together to form the molecules and materials that make up the world. The forces that hold atoms…

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chemistry
Proven· Replicated

Water Is H2O

Water is made of molecules, each consisting of two hydrogen atoms joined to a single oxygen atom, the composition captured in the familiar formula…

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chemistry
Theory

Crystallography

Crystallography is the science of crystals: how their atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns, and how that hidden order gives crystals…

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chemistry
Proven· Replicated

Conservation of Mass

The conservation of mass is the principle that, in any ordinary physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed. The total mass…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Proven· Replicated

The Periodic Table

The periodic table is the organizing chart of chemistry, arranging all the known chemical elements by their properties. It is one of the most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Theory

Atomic Theory

Atomic theory is the idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. It is one of the most important and successful ideas in all of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Water (H₂O)

Water is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O, consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. Its bent molecular geometry…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Debunked

Phlogiston Theory

Phlogiston theory was an early explanation of combustion, widely accepted in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It held that all flammable…

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