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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byhistoryClear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 172

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Photography

Recording images by the action of light on a light-sensitive surface. It required two separate discoveries, projecting an image and fixing it…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Textiles

Fabrics made from fibres. Textile production drove the first industrial mechanisation, it remains among the largest manufacturing sectors, and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Irrigation

Supplying water to crops artificially. It made agriculture possible in places rainfall could not support, it is the largest human use of fresh water,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Bread

Baked dough of ground grain and water. It is among the oldest prepared foods, it supplies a substantial share of the world's calories, and its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Timekeeping

Measuring the passage of time and dividing it into units. Every method works by counting something that repeats regularly, and the history of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Navigation

Determining position and finding a route. For most of history the difficult part was not direction but position, and specifically longitude, which…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Aviation

Powered flight through the atmosphere. It went from first sustained flight to routine intercontinental travel within sixty years, and its safety…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Railways

Vehicles running on fixed guided tracks. The essential idea is older than the steam engine, and what railways did to distance, time and settlement…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Units of Measurement

Defined quantities against which other quantities are compared. Their standardisation is a precondition for trade, engineering and science, and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Censorship

The suppression of speech, writing or images by an authority. It is as old as writing, its methods have changed with each communication technology,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Examinations

Formal tests used to assess knowledge or ability, generally to certify attainment or to select. They are far older than modern schooling, they…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Food Preservation

Techniques for preventing food from spoiling. All of them work by attacking the same small set of conditions that microorganisms and enzymes require,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

The Cathedral

The principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's seat. Medieval European cathedrals were the largest and most technically ambitious…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Literary Criticism

The study, interpretation and evaluation of literature. Its central question is what a text means and who decides, and the answers offered have…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Contracts

Legally enforceable agreements. They allow people to bind their future selves, which makes cooperation possible between parties who have no other…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Taxation

Compulsory payments levied by a state on individuals and organisations. It funds government, and its structure determines who bears the cost of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Sacred Texts

Writings a religious tradition treats as authoritative. What that authority consists of, how the text was fixed, and how it may be interpreted differ…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Pottery

Objects formed from clay and hardened by heat. Pottery is the most abundant artefact in archaeology, it survives almost indefinitely, and it is the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

The University

An institution of higher education and research, granting degrees. The form originated in medieval Europe, has proved unusually durable, and combines…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Drama

Literature written to be performed by actors representing characters. It is distinguished from other literary forms by being incomplete on the page:…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
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