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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactClear all

Results

Showing 201 to 220 of 599

NewestMost votedA to Z
computer science
Fact

Programming Languages

Formal languages for specifying computations that a machine can carry out. They exist because instructing a computer in the numeric codes it actually…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Oral Tradition

The transmission of knowledge, history and literature by speech across generations, without writing. It sustained every human society before writing…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
sociology
Fact

The Census

A count of a population, conducted by a state, at a defined moment. It is among the oldest functions of government and remains the foundation on…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
literature
Fact

The Novel

An extended work of prose fiction. It is among the youngest major literary forms, it became the dominant one within roughly two centuries, and its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
music
Fact

Musical Notation

Systems for writing down music so that it can be preserved and performed by people who never heard it. Notation determines what a musical culture can…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
law
Fact

Trial by Jury

A procedure in which questions of fact in a legal case are decided by a panel of ordinary people rather than by a professional judge. It is used in a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
linguistics
Fact

Writing Systems

The methods by which spoken language is recorded in visible marks. Writing has been invented independently only a small number of times, and every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
sport
Fact

Association Football

The most widely played and watched sport in the world, contested by two teams of eleven who may not use their hands. Its modern form was codified in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Fact

The Rock Cycle

The continuous transformation of rock between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic forms, driven by heat from the Earth's interior and by weathering…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Fact

Glaciers

Masses of ice large enough to move under their own weight. They hold most of the world's fresh water, they carved much of the landscape of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact

Attention

The selection of some information for processing at the expense of the rest. It exists because the senses deliver far more than the brain can handle,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact

Human Memory

The set of processes by which experience is encoded, retained and retrieved. It is not one system but several, distinguishable by what they store,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Fact

Inflation

A sustained rise in the general level of prices, equivalently a fall in the purchasing power of money. It is measured by tracking the cost of a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Fact

Money

Anything generally accepted in exchange for goods and services. It is defined by what it does rather than by what it is made of, and almost every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
mathematics
Fact

Calculus

The mathematics of continuous change, comprising the differential calculus of rates and the integral calculus of accumulation, and the theorem…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
mathematics
Fact

Zero

The number representing nothing, and the symbol that makes positional notation possible. It arrived late, was resisted, and is the single most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Sewage Treatment

The process of removing contaminants from wastewater before returning it to the environment. It is among the least discussed and most consequential…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

The Internal Combustion Engine

An engine in which fuel burns inside the working chamber, pushing a piston or turning a rotor directly. It displaced the steam engine because it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Bridges

Structures that carry a route across an obstacle. There are a small number of structural types, each resolving loads differently, and which is chosen…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Fact

Insulin

The hormone that allows cells to take up glucose from the blood. Its discovery in 1921 turned type 1 diabetes from a fatal disease into a manageable…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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