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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bypsychologypsychologyClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 26

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Emotion

States combining physiological change, expressive behaviour and subjective feeling, arising in response to events that matter to the organism. What…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Attention

The selection of some information for processing at the expense of the rest. It exists because the senses deliver far more than the brain can handle,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Human Memory

The set of processes by which experience is encoded, retained and retrieved. It is not one system but several, distinguishable by what they store,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Theory

Theory of Mind

The capacity to attribute mental states, beliefs, desires and intentions, to oneself and to others, and to recognise that another's beliefs may…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Contested

The Implicit Association Test

A reaction-time task intended to measure automatic associations that a person may not report or may not be aware of. It is among the most widely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Contested

Stereotype Threat

The proposal that awareness of a negative stereotype about one's group can impair performance on a task the stereotype concerns. The original…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Debunked

Facilitated Communication

A technique in which an assistant supports the hand or arm of a non-speaking person while they type, said to reveal unsuspected literacy. Controlled…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Debunked

Subliminal Advertising

The claim that messages flashed too briefly to be consciously seen can compel people to buy things. It rests on a single 1957 demonstration that its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Debunked

Mesmerism

Franz Anton Mesmer's doctrine that an invisible universal fluid flows through all bodies, that illness results from its obstruction, and that a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Theory

Prospect Theory

A description of how people actually choose between risky options, proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 as an alternative to expected…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Theory

Signal Detection Theory

The framework that separates how well an observer can distinguish signal from noise from how willing that observer is to say the signal is present.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes proposed in 1976 that people three thousand years ago were not conscious in the way we are, that they experienced their own thoughts as…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The Stroop Effect

Naming the colour a word is printed in becomes markedly harder when the word itself names a different colour. The delay is a few hundred…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Flynn Effect

Average scores on intelligence tests rose steadily throughout the twentieth century, by roughly three points per decade in the countries with long…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human mind, like the human body, was shaped by natural selection, and that many features of thought and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 2, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposing that human motivations are arranged in levels, with basic needs that must be largely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 22, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological theory that people feel mental discomfort when they hold two clashing beliefs, or when their actions…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 20, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning is the psychological theory describing how a neutral signal, through repeated association, can come to trigger an automatic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 19, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory is the psychological theory that human beings are born with a deep need to form close emotional bonds with a few caregivers, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 19, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is the psychological theory that behaviour is shaped by its consequences: actions followed by rewards become more likely, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 19, 2026
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