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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bypsychologyClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 45

NewestMost votedA to Z
psychology
Fact

Emotion

States combining physiological change, expressive behaviour and subjective feeling, arising in response to events that matter to the organism. What…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
media studies
Fact

Advertising

Paid communication intended to promote a product, service or idea. It funds most commercial media, its measured effects are smaller than its cultural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact

Attention

The selection of some information for processing at the expense of the rest. It exists because the senses deliver far more than the brain can handle,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact

Human Memory

The set of processes by which experience is encoded, retained and retrieved. It is not one system but several, distinguishable by what they store,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory

Theory of Mind

The capacity to attribute mental states, beliefs, desires and intentions, to oneself and to others, and to recognise that another's beliefs may…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

The Implicit Association Test

A reaction-time task intended to measure automatic associations that a person may not report or may not be aware of. It is among the most widely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

Stereotype Threat

The proposal that awareness of a negative stereotype about one's group can impair performance on a task the stereotype concerns. The original…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
criminology
Debunked

The Polygraph

The instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance during questioning. It measures…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Debunked

The Ten Percent of the Brain Myth

The claim that human beings use only about ten per cent of their brains, and that the remainder is untapped potential. Every method of examining the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Debunked

Facilitated Communication

A technique in which an assistant supports the hand or arm of a non-speaking person while they type, said to reveal unsuspected literacy. Controlled…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Debunked

Subliminal Advertising

The claim that messages flashed too briefly to be consciously seen can compel people to buy things. It rests on a single 1957 demonstration that its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Debunked

Mesmerism

Franz Anton Mesmer's doctrine that an invisible universal fluid flows through all bodies, that illness results from its obstruction, and that a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory

Prospect Theory

A description of how people actually choose between risky options, proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 as an alternative to expected…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory

Signal Detection Theory

The framework that separates how well an observer can distinguish signal from noise from how willing that observer is to say the signal is present.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
mathematics
Proven

The Monty Hall Problem

A probability puzzle with a counterintuitive answer, made famous when thousands of people including professional mathematicians insisted publicly…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Hypothesis

The Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes proposed in 1976 that people three thousand years ago were not conscious in the way we are, that they experienced their own thoughts as…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Proven

The McGurk Effect

Watch a face saying one syllable while hearing another, and you perceive a third that was never present in either. Speech perception turns out to be…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Proven

The Stroop Effect

Naming the colour a word is printed in becomes markedly harder when the word itself names a different colour. The delay is a few hundred…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
film
Proven

The Kuleshov Effect

Two shots placed next to each other produce a meaning that neither contains. Lev Kuleshov demonstrated it around 1918, and it is the reason film…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

The Flynn Effect

Average scores on intelligence tests rose steadily throughout the twentieth century, by roughly three points per decade in the countries with long…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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