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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byclimateClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 21

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Plankton

Organisms that drift in water rather than swimming against currents. They include the base of the marine food web and produce a large share of the…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Vernacular Architecture

Building made without architects, using local materials and inherited methods, adapted to local climate and way of life. It accounts for the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

The Atmosphere

The layer of gas held around the Earth by gravity. It supplies the oxygen and carbon dioxide life requires, moderates temperature, blocks harmful…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Coral Reefs

Structures built by colonial animals from calcium carbonate, occupying a tiny fraction of the ocean floor and supporting a very large share of its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Ocean Currents

Persistent flows of seawater, driven at the surface by wind and at depth by differences in density. They redistribute an enormous quantity of heat…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

The Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water between ocean, atmosphere, land and living things. The quantity is fixed; what changes is where it is and in what…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Dendrochronology

Dating events and objects by counting and matching the annual growth rings of trees. It is the most precise dating method available for the last…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Glaciers

Masses of ice large enough to move under their own weight. They hold most of the world's fresh water, they carved much of the landscape of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Theory

Milankovitch Cycles

The proposal that ice ages are paced by slow, predictable variations in Earth's orbit and axial orientation, which redistribute sunlight across…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Savanna Hypothesis

The proposal that human ancestors left the forest for open grassland, and that walking upright, losing body hair and much else followed from that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Faint Young Sun Paradox

The Sun was about thirty percent dimmer when the Earth was young, which should have left the planet frozen solid. The geological record shows liquid…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Toba Catastrophe Hypothesis

The proposal that a supervolcanic eruption in Sumatra about 74,000 years ago caused a volcanic winter that nearly exterminated the human species,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Silurian Hypothesis

If an industrial civilisation had existed on Earth millions of years before our own, would we be able to tell? Gavin Schmidt and Adam Frank asked the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis

The proposal that a comet or asteroid struck or exploded over North America about 12,800 years ago, triggering an abrupt return to glacial…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Ocean Acidification

The ocean absorbs roughly a quarter of the carbon dioxide released by human activity, and dissolved carbon dioxide makes seawater more acidic. The…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Thermohaline Circulation

A global system of deep ocean currents driven by differences in water density, which itself depends on temperature and salinity. It moves heat around…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Replicated

Climate Change

Climate change refers to the long term warming of the Earth and the shifts in weather patterns that come with it. That the planet is warming, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Fact· Empirical

Polar Bear

The polar bear, Ursus maritimus, is the largest living land carnivore and the only bear classified as a marine mammal. It is a very recent species…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 24, 2026
Fact· Empirical

Amazon Rainforest

The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest on Earth, a vast sea of green covering some 5.5 million square kilometres across nine South…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 14, 2026
Fact· Empirical

The Sahara

The Sahara is the largest hot desert on Earth, a sweep of sand, gravel, and bare rock stretching across northern Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsFeb 16, 2026
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