The Planets of the Solar System
The Solar System is the Sun together with everything held in orbit around it by gravity: eight planets and their moons, several dwarf planets, and…
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The Solar System is the Sun together with everything held in orbit around it by gravity: eight planets and their moons, several dwarf planets, and…
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the theory explaining where the chemical elements come from. It holds that the stars are the furnaces in which almost all…
The nebular hypothesis is the accepted scientific theory of how the Sun and its planets formed. It holds that the entire Solar System condensed,…
A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape from within it. Once a purely theoretical…
That the Earth is a sphere, very slightly flattened at the poles, is one of the most thoroughly established facts in all of science. It has been…
The James Webb Space Telescope is the most powerful space observatory ever built, launched in 2021 as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.…
Carl Sagan (1934 to 1996) was an American astronomer and science communicator who did more than almost anyone to bring the wonder of the cosmos to…
The Wow! signal was a strong, unexplained radio signal detected in 1977 by a telescope scanning the sky for possible messages from other…
Galileo Galilei (1564 to 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer, often called the father of modern science. By insisting on…
Gravitational lensing is the bending of light from distant objects by the gravity of massive bodies that lie in between, which can magnify and…
The cosmic microwave background is a faint glow of microwave radiation that fills all of space, the leftover heat from the early universe. Its…
Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other than our Sun. For centuries their existence was only speculation; today thousands have been confirmed,…
The Drake equation is a famous formula that estimates how many communicating alien civilizations might exist in our galaxy. It is less a precise…
Stellar evolution is the scientific account of how stars are born, live, and die over millions or billions of years. Though no one can watch a single…
The steady state theory was a model of the universe, popular in the mid twentieth century, which held that the universe has always looked roughly the…
The universe is expanding: the galaxies are, on average, moving apart, and the space between them is stretching. Once a startling discovery, the…
The telescope is an instrument that gathers and focuses light to make distant objects appear closer and clearer. Its invention transformed astronomy,…
Astrology is the belief that the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars influence human affairs and personalities, and that they can be used…
The ultimate fate of the universe is one of the deepest questions in science. Cosmologists have proposed several very different endings, and which…
How the Moon came to be is a question that has fascinated and divided scientists for generations. While one explanation is now favoured, important…