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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactchemistryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 17 of 17

NewestMost votedA to Z
nutrition
Fact

Salt

Sodium chloride. It is physiologically essential, it was the only reliable food preservative for most of history, and its scarcity relative to demand…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact

Bread

Baked dough of ground grain and water. It is among the oldest prepared foods, it supplies a substantial share of the world's calories, and its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

The Battery

A device storing energy chemically and releasing it as electric current. It made electricity portable, and its energy density is the constraint…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
climate science
Fact

The Carbon Cycle

The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land and rock. It operates on two timescales that differ by a factor of millions, and human…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Polymers

Molecules built from many repeating units linked in chains. They include most plastics, all proteins and nucleic acids, rubber and cellulose, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrobiology
Fact

Biosignatures

Measurable indicators that life is or was present. They are how the search for life beyond Earth is actually conducted, since organisms cannot be…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Fact

Neurotransmitters

The chemicals nerve cells use to signal to one another across synapses. They are the point at which the nervous system becomes chemical rather than…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Glass

A solid that lacks the ordered internal arrangement of a crystal, formed by cooling a liquid fast enough that its atoms cannot arrange themselves. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biotechnology
Fact

Fermentation

The extraction of energy from sugars without oxygen. It is one of the oldest biological processes, humans have exploited it for at least nine…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Concrete

A composite of cement, water, sand and stone that begins as a liquid and hardens into artificial rock. It is the most used manufactured material on…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
nutrition
Fact

Vitamins

Organic compounds required in small amounts that the body cannot make for itself, or cannot make in sufficient quantity. Each was discovered through…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Combustion

The rapid reaction of a fuel with an oxidant that releases heat and usually light. It is the oldest technology humans control, it still supplies most…

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chemistry
Fact

Carbon

The element that forms the backbone of all known life, occurs as both the hardest common substance and one of the softest, and forms more compounds…

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chemistry
Fact

Acids and Bases

Two complementary classes of substance, defined by what they do with protons or with electron pairs. The distinction organises a large part of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Water (H₂O)

Water is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O, consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. Its bent molecular geometry…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact· Empirical

The Atom

The atom is the basic building block of ordinary matter, the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties. Everything you can see…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews