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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bytheoryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 52

NewestMost votedA to Z
music
Fact

Harmony

The combination of simultaneous pitches, and the system governing which combinations are used and how they follow one another. It is the organising…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Major Transitions in Evolution

The proposal that the history of life is punctuated by a small number of events in which independently reproducing entities combined into a larger…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

Group Selection

The proposal that natural selection can act on groups as well as individuals, favouring traits that benefit the group at the individual's expense. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis

The proposal that evolutionary theory needs restructuring to give causal roles to development, inheritance beyond genes, and organisms shaping their…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Hypothesis

The Free Energy Principle

Karl Friston's proposal that everything a brain does, and arguably everything any self-organising system does, can be described as minimising a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
film
Contested

Auteur Theory

The position that a film's director is its author, and that the best directors impress a consistent personal vision across their work even within…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
literature
Theory

The Death of the Author

Roland Barthes argued in 1967 that a text's meaning is not fixed by what its writer intended, and that criticism organised around the author's…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposing that human motivations are arranged in levels, with basic needs that must be largely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Theory· Scientific

Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding is the theory of how atoms join together to form the molecules and materials that make up the world. The forces that hold atoms…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory about the pace of evolution. It proposes that species tend to remain largely unchanged for long stretches of time,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Theory· Scientific

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The theory of island biogeography explains how many species an island will hold, and why. Developed in the 1960s, it proposes that the number of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Theory· Scientific

Supply and Demand

Supply and demand is the foundational theory of how prices and quantities are set in a market economy. It holds that the price of a good settles at…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
quantum physics
Theory· Scientific

Quantum Field Theory

Quantum field theory is the framework that combines quantum mechanics with Einstein's special relativity to describe the fundamental particles of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Theory· Scientific

Comparative Advantage

Comparative advantage is one of the foundational theories of economics. It explains why two parties, whether individuals, businesses, or whole…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrophysics
Theory· Scientific

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Stellar nucleosynthesis is the theory explaining where the chemical elements come from. It holds that the stars are the furnaces in which almost all…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological theory that people feel mental discomfort when they hold two clashing beliefs, or when their actions…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrophysics
Theory· Scientific

The Formation of the Solar System

The nebular hypothesis is the accepted scientific theory of how the Sun and its planets formed. It holds that the entire Solar System condensed,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning is the psychological theory describing how a neutral signal, through repeated association, can come to trigger an automatic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory is the psychological theory that human beings are born with a deep need to form close emotional bonds with a few caregivers, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

The modern synthesis is the theory, developed in the first half of the twentieth century, that united Charles Darwin's idea of evolution by natural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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