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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bypsychologyClear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 45

NewestMost votedA to Z
education
Contested

Growth Mindset

The theory that believing ability can be developed, rather than being fixed, improves achievement. It became one of the most widely adopted ideas in…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
education
Debunked

Learning Styles

The idea that each person learns best through a particular sensory channel, and that teaching matched to that channel improves learning. It is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
criminology
Debunked

Criminal Profiling

Offender profiling infers a perpetrator's characteristics from crime scene evidence. The specific claim that it reliably narrows a suspect pool, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
music
Contested

Absolute Pitch

Absolute pitch, commonly called perfect pitch, is the ability to identify or produce a musical note without a reference tone. It is rare, it is real,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
music
Debunked

The Mozart Effect

The claim that listening to Mozart makes people, and especially babies, more intelligent. It came from one small study whose actual finding was far…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Debunked

The Left-Brain, Right-Brain Myth

The idea that people are left-brained and therefore logical, or right-brained and therefore creative, is one of the most widely believed claims about…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Contested

Mirror Neurons

Mirror neurons are cells that fire both when an animal performs an action and when it observes the same action performed by another. They were…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Contested

The Replication Crisis

The replication crisis is the finding that a substantial share of published research results cannot be reproduced when the studies are repeated. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Proven· Mathematical Proof

Regression to the Mean

Regression to the mean is the tendency for an extreme measurement to be followed by one closer to average, for no reason other than that extremes…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Contested

The Heritability of Intelligence

How much of the variation in measured intelligence is attributable to genetic variation is among the most technically misunderstood questions in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Contested

Dunbar's Number

Dunbar's number is the proposal that humans can maintain roughly 150 stable social relationships, and that the limit is set by the size of the brain.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
sociology
Contested

The Stanford Prison Experiment

In August 1971 Philip Zimbardo assigned twenty-four male students at random to be guards or prisoners in a simulated prison in a Stanford University…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human mind, like the human body, was shaped by natural selection, and that many features of thought and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Theory· Scientific

Behavioural Economics

Behavioural economics is the study of how people actually make economic decisions, as opposed to how the standard model assumes they do. Its central…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposing that human motivations are arranged in levels, with basic needs that must be largely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is the psychological theory that people feel mental discomfort when they hold two clashing beliefs, or when their actions…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning is the psychological theory describing how a neutral signal, through repeated association, can come to trigger an automatic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory is the psychological theory that human beings are born with a deep need to form close emotional bonds with a few caregivers, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Theory· Scientific

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is the psychological theory that behaviour is shaped by its consequences: actions followed by rewards become more likely, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact· Historical

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, a revolutionary and controversial approach to understanding the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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