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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactClear all

Results

Showing 121 to 140 of 599

NewestMost votedA to Z
nutrition
Fact

Carbohydrates

A class of molecules made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, comprising sugars, starches and fibre. They are the main energy source in most human diets…

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ecology
Fact

Food Webs

The network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem. It describes who eats whom, and because energy is lost at every transfer, it explains why large…

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genetics
Fact

Sex Determination

The mechanisms by which an organism develops as male, female or another form. The systems are far more varied than the mammalian arrangement…

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immunology
Fact

Inflammation

The body's response to injury or infection, producing redness, heat, swelling and pain. It is protective and necessary, and when it persists without…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Fact

Brain Imaging

Techniques for observing the structure and activity of a living brain without opening the skull. They transformed both clinical neurology and the…

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computer science
Fact

Operating Systems

The software that manages a computer's hardware and provides services to every other program. It exists because writing each program to control the…

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film
Fact

Animation

The creation of apparent motion from a sequence of still images. It predates cinema, it is a technique rather than a genre, and its production…

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architecture
Fact

Vernacular Architecture

Building made without architects, using local materials and inherited methods, adapted to local climate and way of life. It accounts for the…

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anthropology
Fact

Gift Exchange

The transfer of objects as gifts rather than as trade, governed by obligations to give, to receive and to reciprocate. It is a distinct economic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
literature
Fact

Drama

Literature written to be performed by actors representing characters. It is distinguished from other literary forms by being incomplete on the page:…

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music
Fact

The Orchestra

A large ensemble of instrumentalists, organised into sections and directed by a conductor. Its composition was not designed but accumulated, and it…

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law
Fact

Human Rights

Rights held by every person by virtue of being human, independently of citizenship, law or the consent of any government. The idea is old, its…

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linguistics
Fact

Language Families

Groups of languages descended from a common ancestor. The relationships are established by systematic correspondence rather than by resemblance, and…

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science
Fact

The Scientific Method

The set of practices by which scientific claims are tested against evidence. It is not a single fixed procedure, and its most important components…

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sociology
Fact

Urbanisation

The shift of a population from rural to urban living. More than half the world's people now live in cities, a threshold crossed around 2007, and the…

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oceanography
Fact

The Deep Sea

The ocean below roughly 200 metres, where sunlight fails. It is the largest habitat on Earth by volume, it is under extreme pressure and permanent…

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philosophy
Fact

Logic

The study of valid inference: which conclusions follow from which premises, and why. It is the shared foundation of philosophy, mathematics and…

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urban planning
Fact

Public Transport

Shared passenger transport available to the general public on fixed routes and schedules. Its economics differ fundamentally from private transport,…

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statistics
Fact

Sampling

Selecting part of a population in order to draw conclusions about the whole. It is what makes measurement of large populations possible, and how the…

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sociology
Fact

Social Class

Divisions within a society based on economic position, occupation, education and status. How class should be defined has been argued about for as…

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