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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bytechnologyClear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 52

NewestMost votedA to Z
film
Fact

Animation

The creation of apparent motion from a sequence of still images. It predates cinema, it is a technique rather than a genre, and its production…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
music
Fact

Musical Instruments

Objects made or adapted to produce musical sound. They are among the oldest artefacts of human culture, and the ways they are classified reveal how…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Fact

Glass

A solid that lacks the ordered internal arrangement of a crystal, formed by cooling a liquid fast enough that its atoms cannot arrange themselves. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Fact

Databases

Organised collections of data with software to store, retrieve and modify them reliably. Almost every application of any size is a user interface…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
archaeology
Fact

Stone Tools

Implements made by deliberately fracturing stone. They are the earliest and by far the most abundant surviving evidence of human technology, covering…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
film
Fact

Cinema

The art and industry of moving pictures. It rests on a property of perception, was invented within a few years in several countries at once, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Fact

Programming Languages

Formal languages for specifying computations that a machine can carry out. They exist because instructing a computer in the numeric codes it actually…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Proven

Satellite Navigation

Knowing where you are anywhere on Earth to within a few metres, by timing radio signals from satellites. It works because atomic clocks are…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Proven

Error-Correcting Codes

Adding structured redundancy to a message so that errors introduced in storage or transmission can be detected and repaired without asking for a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

The Laser

A device that produces light in which every wave is in step, travelling in one direction at one wavelength. It was built in 1960 with no application…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A way of photographing the inside of a living body in any plane, at high resolution, without ionising radiation, by making hydrogen nuclei resonate…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Proven

The Transistor

A device that lets a small electrical signal control a large one, with no moving parts, made from a crystal. It replaced the vacuum tube, made…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
media studies
Theory

The Medium Is the Message

Marshall McLuhan's claim that a communication technology's effects come from the technology itself rather than from what is transmitted through it.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
quantum physics
Proven

Quantum Tunnelling

A particle can pass through a barrier it does not have enough energy to climb. This has no classical analogue, it is measured routinely, and it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
materials science
Contested

Graphene

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, one atom thick. Its measured properties are extraordinary and not in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact· Empirical

Social Media

Social media refers to the online platforms and apps that let people create and share content and connect with one another. In barely two decades, it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact· Empirical

Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles, or EVs, are cars and other vehicles powered by electric motors and batteries instead of by burning petrol or diesel. Once a niche…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact· Historical

The Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider, or LHC, is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, built by the European laboratory CERN near Geneva.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Fact· Historical

The James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope is the most powerful space observatory ever built, launched in 2021 as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact· Empirical

Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is a new kind of computing that harnesses the strange rules of quantum mechanics to process information in ways ordinary computers…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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