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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bylawClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 17 of 17

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Federalism

A system in which authority is divided between a central government and regional governments, each with powers that the other cannot unilaterally…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Censorship

The suppression of speech, writing or images by an authority. It is as old as writing, its methods have changed with each communication technology,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Organised Crime

Criminal activity carried out by durable groups organised for profit. It differs from individual offending in being structured, continuing beyond its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Contracts

Legally enforceable agreements. They allow people to bind their future selves, which makes cooperation possible between parties who have no other…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Policing

The organised enforcement of law and maintenance of public order by a body authorised by the state. Professional police forces are a nineteenth…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Human Rights

Rights held by every person by virtue of being human, independently of citizenship, law or the consent of any government. The idea is old, its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Constitutions

The fundamental rules establishing how a state is governed: which institutions exist, what powers they hold, how those powers are limited, and how…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Prisons

Institutions in which people are confined as punishment. Imprisonment as the standard penalty for serious crime is a comparatively recent invention,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Zoning

The regulation of what may be built where, by dividing a city into districts with different permitted uses and building limits. It is the primary…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Fingerprint Identification

The use of friction ridge patterns on the fingers to identify individuals. It was the first widely adopted scientific identification method, it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Trial by Jury

A procedure in which questions of fact in a legal case are decided by a panel of ordinary people rather than by a professional judge. It is used in a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Theory

Social Contract Theory

The family of arguments that political authority is justified by agreement among the governed rather than by divine appointment, natural hierarchy or…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Debunked

The Polygraph

The instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance during questioning. It measures…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Contested

Does the Death Penalty Deter?

Whether capital punishment deters murder more effectively than long imprisonment is an empirical question that has been studied for over half a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Originalism

Originalism is the view that a constitution should be interpreted according to what it meant when it was adopted, and that its meaning does not…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory

The Rule of Law

The rule of law is the principle that everyone, including those who govern, is subject to law, and that power is exercised through known general…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Natural Law and Legal Positivism

The central question in the philosophy of law is whether an unjust law is still law. Natural law theory says that at some point it is not: law and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026