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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byeconomicsClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 29

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Fishing

Catching aquatic animals for food. It is the last major food source still taken from the wild at scale, which is precisely why it is the one where…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Accounting

The systematic recording and reporting of financial activity. Double-entry bookkeeping is among the more consequential inventions in the history of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Insurance

The transfer of risk from an individual to a pool in exchange for a payment. It works because large numbers behave predictably even when individuals…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Banking

Institutions that take deposits and make loans. The central fact about banking is that it creates money rather than merely storing it, and almost…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Forestry

The management of forests for timber, other products and ecological function. It is among the oldest forms of resource management, and its central…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Housing

Dwellings and the systems producing and allocating them. Housing is simultaneously shelter, the largest household expense in most countries, and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Organised Crime

Criminal activity carried out by durable groups organised for profit. It differs from individual offending in being structured, continuing beyond its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Taxation

Compulsory payments levied by a state on individuals and organisations. It funds government, and its structure determines who bears the cost of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Advertising

Paid communication intended to promote a product, service or idea. It funds most commercial media, its measured effects are smaller than its cultural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Gift Exchange

The transfer of objects as gifts rather than as trade, governed by obligations to give, to receive and to reciprocate. It is a distinct economic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Social Class

Divisions within a society based on economic position, occupation, education and status. How class should be defined has been argued about for as…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Inflation

A sustained rise in the general level of prices, equivalently a fall in the purchasing power of money. It is measured by tracking the cost of a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Money

Anything generally accepted in exchange for goods and services. It is defined by what it does rather than by what it is made of, and almost every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Theory

The Demographic Transition

The observed pattern in which societies move from high birth and death rates to low ones, passing through a period of rapid population growth while…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Contested

The Minimum Wage and Employment

Whether a legally mandated wage floor reduces employment. Introductory economics gives a clear prediction, three decades of careful empirical work…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Theory

Modern Portfolio Theory

The framework, introduced by Harry Markowitz in 1952, that treats investment as a trade-off between expected return and risk measured as variance,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Theory

Prospect Theory

A description of how people actually choose between risky options, proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979 as an alternative to expected…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

The Nash Equilibrium

A situation in which no participant can do better by changing strategy alone. It is the central solution concept in game theory, it exists in every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Induced Demand

Adding road capacity generates additional traffic that fills it, so congestion returns to roughly its previous level. The effect is well measured, it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory· Mathematical

The Median Voter Theorem

The median voter theorem states that under certain conditions, a majority-rule election between two candidates will be won by the position preferred…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
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