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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactmedicineClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 21

NewestMost votedA to Z
medicine
Fact

Nursing

The care of the sick, injured and dependent. Nursing is the largest health profession by a wide margin, its outcomes are measurable and substantial,…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Fact

Surgery

Treatment by physical intervention in the body. Surgery was limited for millennia not by knowledge of anatomy but by three specific obstacles, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
epidemiology
Fact

Medical Screening

Testing people without symptoms to detect disease early. It saves lives in specific programmes and causes harm in others, and distinguishing between…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biotechnology
Fact

Synthetic Biology

The design and construction of biological systems that do not exist in nature, treating cells as programmable manufacturing platforms. It applies…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biochemistry
Fact

Hormones

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream by one tissue to act on another. They coordinate processes across the whole body over minutes to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Fact

DNA Sequencing

Determining the order of bases in a DNA molecule. The cost has fallen faster than almost any technology in history, and that fall converted…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Fact

Allergy

An immune response to a harmless substance. The machinery involved evolved to deal with parasites, the response causes the disease rather than the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Fact

Inflammation

The body's response to injury or infection, producing redness, heat, swelling and pain. It is protective and necessary, and when it persists without…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Fact

Brain Imaging

Techniques for observing the structure and activity of a living brain without opening the skull. They transformed both clinical neurology and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
neuroscience
Fact

Neurotransmitters

The chemicals nerve cells use to signal to one another across synapses. They are the point at which the nervous system becomes chemical rather than…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Fact

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system that bind specifically to a target and mark it for removal. Their variety is generated at random before any…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biotechnology
Fact

Monoclonal Antibodies

Identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, all binding the same target at the same site. They turned the immune system's specificity…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
molecular biology
Fact

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule closely related to DNA that carries genetic messages, performs chemical work, and regulates which genes are used. It was…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Fact

The Immune System

The set of cells, tissues and molecules that defends the body against infection. It operates in two connected layers: a fast general response, and a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Fact

Insulin

The hormone that allows cells to take up glucose from the blood. Its discovery in 1921 turned type 1 diabetes from a fatal disease into a manageable…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Fact

The Lungs

The organs that bring air into contact with blood so that oxygen can enter and carbon dioxide can leave. They achieve this across a surface roughly…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Fact

The Liver

The largest internal organ and the most chemically versatile, performing several hundred distinct functions. It is the only human internal organ that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

The Black Death

The Black Death was a devastating plague that swept through Europe, Asia, and North Africa in the mid 1300s, killing tens of millions of people. One…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Empirical

The Human Brain

The human brain is the command centre of the body and the most complex object known in the universe. Weighing only about 1.4 kilograms, it contains…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Empirical

The Human Heart

The human heart is a muscular pump, roughly the size of a clenched fist, that drives blood through the body every moment of life. Beating around…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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