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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byContestedClear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 90

NewestMost votedA to Z
Contested

The Historical Jesus

The attempt to describe Jesus of Nazareth using the methods historians apply to any other figure of antiquity, setting aside theological claims. That…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 3, 2026
Contested

The Green Revolution

Between the 1950s and the 1980s, new crop varieties and the inputs they required roughly tripled cereal production across much of Asia and Latin…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Brutalism

Brutalism is a postwar architectural movement built around exposed structure and raw concrete. It produced buildings that are among the most admired…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Absolute Pitch

Absolute pitch, commonly called perfect pitch, is the ability to identify or produce a musical note without a reference tone. It is rare, it is real,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Democratic Peace Theory

Democratic peace theory holds that democracies do not, or almost never, go to war with one another. It is among the strongest empirical regularities…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Mirror Neurons

Mirror neurons are cells that fire both when an animal performs an action and when it observes the same action performed by another. They were…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Trophic Cascades

A trophic cascade occurs when a change at one level of a food web propagates down through the levels beneath it. The mechanism is real and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Replication Crisis

The replication crisis is the finding that a substantial share of published research results cannot be reproduced when the studies are repeated. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Statistical Significance

Statistical significance is a threshold used to decide whether a result is worth taking seriously. The conventional cutoff, a p-value below 0.05,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Room-Temperature Superconductors

A material that conducted electricity with no resistance at ordinary temperatures and pressures would be genuinely transformative, eliminating losses…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Graphene

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, one atom thick. Its measured properties are extraordinary and not in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Hygiene Hypothesis

The hygiene hypothesis is the proposal that reduced exposure to microbes in early childhood leaves the immune system poorly calibrated, and that this…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Climate Tipping Points

A climate tipping point is a threshold beyond which part of the Earth system shifts into a different state, and does not shift back when the forcing…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Climate Sensitivity

Climate sensitivity is the amount of warming that follows from doubling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It is the single…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Heritability of Intelligence

How much of the variation in measured intelligence is attributable to genetic variation is among the most technically misunderstood questions in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Junk DNA

Only a small fraction of the human genome codes for proteins, something under two per cent. What the rest of it is doing has been argued about for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Indus Script

The Indus Valley Civilisation left behind thousands of inscribed objects, mostly small stone seals, carrying sequences of signs that nobody can read.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Gobekli Tepe

Gobekli Tepe is a complex of monumental stone enclosures in southeastern Turkey, built around eleven thousand years ago by people who had not yet…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Dunbar's Number

Dunbar's number is the proposal that humans can maintain roughly 150 stable social relationships, and that the limit is set by the size of the brain.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism is the principle that a culture should be understood on its own terms rather than judged against the standards of another. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
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