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Truth Classification

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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028 Fact599 Proven130 Theory89 Hypothesis71 Contested90 Debunked48

geography236 biology88 physics67 history54 medicine45 astronomy33 psychology26 mathematics26 chemistry20 engineering20 astrophysics19 neuroscience19 anthropology18 art18

Filtered byHypothesis Clear all

Results

Showing 41 to 60 of 71

Newest Most voted A to Z

The Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes proposed in 1976 that people three thousand years ago were not conscious in the way we are, that they experienced their own thoughts as…

0 votes0 reviews

Aug 3, 2026

The Great Filter

If the universe should be full of civilisations and appears empty, something must be preventing them. Robin Hanson's proposal is that at least one…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Toba Catastrophe Hypothesis

The proposal that a supervolcanic eruption in Sumatra about 74,000 years ago caused a volcanic winter that nearly exterminated the human species,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Obstetrical Dilemma

The proposal that human childbirth is difficult because walking upright narrowed the pelvis while brains grew larger, leaving birth as a compromise…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Serotonin Hypothesis of Depression

The proposal that depression is caused by low serotonin, and that antidepressants work by correcting it. The popular version of this claim is not…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Amyloid Hypothesis

The proposal that Alzheimer's disease is caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta protein in the brain. It has directed the field for over thirty…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Silurian Hypothesis

If an industrial civilisation had existed on Earth millions of years before our own, would we be able to tell? Gavin Schmidt and Adam Frank asked the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis

The proposal that a comet or asteroid struck or exploded over North America about 12,800 years ago, triggering an abrupt return to glacial…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis

The proposal that genes favouring efficient fat storage were advantageous during famine and became harmful once food became abundant, explaining the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Expensive Tissue Hypothesis

The proposal that the human brain could only grow large because the gut shrank, since both are metabolically costly and the body's energy budget is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Social Brain Hypothesis

The proposal that primate brains grew large to manage social relationships rather than to solve ecological problems, and that the size of a species'…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Grandmother Hypothesis

Human females stop reproducing decades before they die, which almost no other species does. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that this is an…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Lead-Crime Hypothesis

The proposal that childhood exposure to lead, principally from leaded petrol, raised violent crime rates a generation later, and that removing it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Is Time Travel Possible?

Time travel, journeying into the past or the future, is a staple of science fiction, but is it actually possible? The surprising answer from physics…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

The Drake Equation

The Drake equation is a famous formula that estimates how many communicating alien civilizations might exist in our galaxy. It is less a precise…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis

The aquatic ape hypothesis is the controversial idea that human ancestors went through a phase of living partly in water, and that this shaped many…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory is a hypothesized framework that would merge three of the fundamental forces of nature, the electromagnetic, weak, and strong…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Snowball Earth

Snowball Earth is the hypothesis that, on one or more occasions in the distant past, our planet froze over almost completely, with ice reaching from…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Cosmic Inflation

Cosmic inflation is the hypothesis that, in the first tiny fraction of a second after the Big Bang, the universe expanded at an almost unimaginable…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

The Simulation Hypothesis

The simulation hypothesis is the proposal that the reality we experience might actually be an artificial simulation, such as an immensely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 20, 2026

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