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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byengineeringengineeringClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 15 of 15

NewestMost votedA to Z
engineering
Fact

Refrigeration

Removing heat from a space to keep it below the surrounding temperature. It is the technology that changed what people eat more than any other, and…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Canals

Artificial waterways for navigation. Water carries heavy loads at a fraction of the effort land transport requires, and for a period of roughly a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Roads

Prepared routes for travel over land. Roads are the oldest large-scale infrastructure, the engineering problem they solve is drainage rather than…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Navigation

Determining position and finding a route. For most of history the difficult part was not direction but position, and specifically longitude, which…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Aviation

Powered flight through the atmosphere. It went from first sustained flight to routine intercontinental travel within sixty years, and its safety…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

The Electricity Grid

The network generating, transmitting and distributing electrical power. It is the largest machine ever built, it must balance supply and demand…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Railways

Vehicles running on fixed guided tracks. The essential idea is older than the steam engine, and what railways did to distance, time and settlement…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Sewage Treatment

The process of removing contaminants from wastewater before returning it to the environment. It is among the least discussed and most consequential…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

The Internal Combustion Engine

An engine in which fuel burns inside the working chamber, pushing a piston or turning a rotor directly. It displaced the steam engine because it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact

Bridges

Structures that carry a route across an obstacle. There are a small number of structural types, each resolving loads differently, and which is chosen…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Theory

Control Theory

The mathematics of making a system behave as intended by measuring what it is doing and acting on the difference from what is wanted. It is the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Proven

Satellite Navigation

Knowing where you are anywhere on Earth to within a few metres, by timing radio signals from satellites. It works because atomic clocks are…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Proven

The Transistor

A device that lets a small electrical signal control a large one, with no moving parts, made from a crystal. It replaced the vacuum tube, made…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact· Historical

The Wright Brothers' First Flight

On 17 December 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first sustained, controlled flight of a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Contested

Renewable Energy and Electrical Grid Stability

Wind and solar generation are non-dispatchable and produce zero rotational inertia, raising legitimate concerns about frequency regulation and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews