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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byevolutionClear all

Results

Showing 41 to 54 of 54

NewestMost votedA to Z
biology
Proven

Sexual Selection

Darwin's second theory, proposed to explain traits that natural selection could not: peacock tails, antlers, birdsong, and every ornament that costs…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
biology
Proven

Convergent Evolution

Unrelated lineages repeatedly arrive at the same solution. Eyes, wings, flight, venom and photosynthesis have each evolved independently many times,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Contested

Were Dinosaurs Warm-Blooded

Whether dinosaurs generated their own body heat, like mammals and birds, or depended on the environment, like modern reptiles, has been argued for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Proven

Transitional Fossils

A transitional fossil shows a mixture of features from an ancestral group and a descendant one. Their absence was Darwin's own stated difficulty with…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Proven

Feathered Dinosaurs

Birds are dinosaurs. The claim was regarded as fringe for most of the twentieth century, and it is now among the best supported conclusions in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Theory· Scientific

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between organisms by means other than parent to offspring. It is ordinary among…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Contested

Junk DNA

Only a small fraction of the human genome codes for proteins, something under two per cent. What the rest of it is doing has been argued about for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human mind, like the human body, was shaped by natural selection, and that many features of thought and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory about the pace of evolution. It proposes that species tend to remain largely unchanged for long stretches of time,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven· Replicated

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive the drugs designed to kill them. It is one of the most direct and observable examples of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

The modern synthesis is the theory, developed in the first half of the twentieth century, that united Charles Darwin's idea of evolution by natural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Hypothesis

The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis

The aquatic ape hypothesis is the controversial idea that human ancestors went through a phase of living partly in water, and that this shaped many…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory

Endosymbiotic Theory

Endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of the complex cells that make up plants, animals, fungi, and other higher organisms. It proposes that key…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolution by natural selection is the scientific theory that explains how the diversity of life arose and continues to change. It holds that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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