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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byenvironmentClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 15 of 15

NewestMost votedA to Z
agriculture
Fact

Livestock

Domesticated animals kept for food, fibre, labour and other products. Livestock made agriculture viable on land that grows no crops, and they are now…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
geology
Fact

Mining

Extracting minerals from the ground. Every manufactured object contains material that was mined, the industry has been transformed by scale and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact

Forestry

The management of forests for timber, other products and ecological function. It is among the oldest forms of resource management, and its central…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
climate science
Fact

The Carbon Cycle

The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land and rock. It operates on two timescales that differ by a factor of millions, and human…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
immunology
Fact

Allergy

An immune response to a harmless substance. The machinery involved evolved to deal with parasites, the response causes the disease rather than the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
urban planning
Fact

Urban Parks

Public open green space within a city, maintained for recreation and amenity. They were created deliberately as a response to industrial urban…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Fact

Soil

The layer of weathered mineral material, organic matter, water, air and organisms covering most land surfaces. It supports essentially all…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Fact

Food Webs

The network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem. It describes who eats whom, and because energy is lost at every transfer, it explains why large…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Fact

Ecological Succession

The sequence of changes in the species occupying a place over time after disturbance or after new ground appears. It is one of the oldest…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrobiology
Fact

Extremophiles

Organisms that live in conditions that would destroy most life. They are mostly microorganisms, they have substantially widened the definition of a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Fact

Biodiversity

The variety of life, measured at the level of genes, species and ecosystems. It is unevenly distributed, incompletely catalogued, and declining at a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Contested

Microplastics and Human Health

Plastic particles smaller than five millimetres are now found throughout the human body. Whether they cause disease at the levels people are actually…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Contested

Trophic Cascades

A trophic cascade occurs when a change at one level of a food web propagates down through the levels beneath it. The mechanism is real and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Theory· Scientific

Keystone Species

A keystone species is one whose effect on its ecosystem is disproportionately large relative to its abundance. The concept reorganised how ecologists…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Contested

The Tragedy of the Commons

The tragedy of the commons is the argument that a resource held in common will inevitably be destroyed, because each user gains the full benefit of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews