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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bybiologyClear all

Results

Showing 81 to 100 of 148

NewestMost votedA to Z
immunology
Theory· Scientific

Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity is the immune system attacking the body it belongs to. Around a hundred distinct autoimmune conditions are recognised, together…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Theory· Scientific

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between organisms by means other than parent to offspring. It is ordinary among…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Contested

Junk DNA

Only a small fraction of the human genome codes for proteins, something under two per cent. What the rest of it is doing has been argued about for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Proven· Replicated

CRISPR Gene Editing

CRISPR is a method for cutting DNA at a chosen location, which makes editing a genome a routine laboratory procedure rather than a specialist feat.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
genetics
Theory· Scientific

Epigenetics

Epigenetics is the study of changes in how genes are used that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself. Every cell in a body carries the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory about the pace of evolution. It proposes that species tend to remain largely unchanged for long stretches of time,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
ecology
Theory· Scientific

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The theory of island biogeography explains how many species an island will hold, and why. Developed in the 1960s, it proposes that the number of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven· Replicated

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive the drugs designed to kill them. It is one of the most direct and observable examples of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Theory· Scientific

The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

The modern synthesis is the theory, developed in the first half of the twentieth century, that united Charles Darwin's idea of evolution by natural…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Franklin (1920 to 1958) was a British scientist whose work was crucial to discovering the structure of DNA, the molecule of heredity. Long…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was a landmark international effort to map all of the genetic information in a human being. Completed in 2003 after more…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven· Clinical

mRNA Vaccines

mRNA vaccines are a new type of vaccine that teaches the body to fight a disease by delivering genetic instructions rather than a weakened or…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall (born 1934) is a British primatologist whose groundbreaking study of wild chimpanzees transformed our understanding of animals and of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Contested

What Killed the Ice Age Megafauna

At the end of the last ice age, many of the world's largest animals, the megafauna, went extinct, from woolly mammoths to giant ground sloths.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

The Origins of Modern Humans

Where and how our own species, Homo sapiens, arose is a question of intense scientific interest. The broad outline, an African origin, is well…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Contested

Why the Neanderthals Died Out

Neanderthals were a species of ancient humans who lived across Europe and Asia for hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing around 40,000…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Contested

What Caused the Great Dying

The Permian extinction, often called the Great Dying, was the most severe mass extinction in Earth's history, around 252 million years ago, when the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin (1809 to 1882) was an English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection transformed our understanding of life. He…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Proven· Replicated

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA profiling, is a technique that identifies individuals by the unique patterns in their genetic material. Since its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven· Clinical

Human Blood Types

Human blood comes in different types, determined by molecules on the surface of red blood cells. The discovery of blood types made safe blood…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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