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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byProvenhistoryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 11 of 11

NewestMost votedA to Z
physics
Proven

Snell's Law

Light bends when it passes between materials, by an amount fixed by a simple ratio. The rule governs every lens, every fibre optic cable and the…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

Electromagnetic Induction

A changing magnetic field produces an electric current. Michael Faraday demonstrated it in 1831, and essentially all the world's electricity is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

Archimedes' Principle

A body immersed in a fluid is pushed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. It explains why steel ships float, it is over two…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

X-rays

A form of light too energetic to see, discovered by accident in 1895, which passes through flesh and is stopped by bone. Within months it was in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
mathematics
Proven

Non-Euclidean Geometry

For two thousand years one of Euclid's assumptions looked like it should be provable from the others. It is not. Denying it produces consistent…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven

Semmelweis and Handwashing

A Hungarian obstetrician worked out in 1847 that doctors were killing women in childbirth by carrying something on their hands from the dissection…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

Nuclear Fission

Splitting a heavy nucleus releases about a hundred million times more energy per atom than a chemical reaction. It was discovered by accident in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

Rutherford Scattering

Firing alpha particles at gold foil and finding that a few bounced back. The result destroyed the prevailing model of the atom, established that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven

The Circulation of the Blood

William Harvey demonstrated in 1628 that blood circulates in a closed loop driven by the heart. He proved it by measurement, against a doctrine that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
medicine
Proven

General Anaesthesia

Surgery without pain, without memory, and without movement, produced reliably millions of times a year. That it works is beyond question. How it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

The Michelson-Morley Experiment

In 1887 two men in a basement in Cleveland tried to measure the Earth's motion through the medium light was assumed to travel in. They found nothing.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews