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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byProvenchemistryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 15 of 15

NewestMost votedA to Z
Proven

Chirality

The property of an object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, as with a left and a right hand. In chemistry it applies to molecules, and…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 4, 2026
Proven

Electrolysis

Using an electric current to drive a chemical reaction that would not happen on its own. It is the reverse of a battery, and it is how aluminium,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

Surface Tension

The tendency of a liquid surface to contract to the smallest possible area, because a molecule at the surface has fewer neighbours to attract it than…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

Nitrogen Fixation

Air is nearly eighty percent nitrogen and almost nothing can use it. Breaking the bond that holds the molecule together is what makes proteins and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The Ideal Gas Law

One equation relating the pressure, volume, temperature and quantity of a gas. It is an approximation that no real gas obeys exactly, it is accurate…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Spectroscopy

Every element absorbs and emits light at a unique set of wavelengths. Reading those wavelengths identifies what something is made of without touching…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Osmosis

Water moves across a membrane from where solutes are dilute to where they are concentrated. It requires no pump and no energy input, it generates…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by factors that reach ten to the power of seventeen, at body temperature and neutral pH, without being consumed.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

X-ray Crystallography

A technique for determining the arrangement of atoms in a solid by firing X-rays at a crystal and reading the pattern they scatter into. It has…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Ocean Acidification

The ocean absorbs roughly a quarter of the carbon dioxide released by human activity, and dissolved carbon dioxide makes seawater more acidic. The…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Replicated

Radiocarbon Dating

Radiocarbon dating measures how much carbon-14 remains in something that was once alive, and converts that into an age. Developed by Willard Libby in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Replicated

Water Is H2O

Water is made of molecules, each consisting of two hydrogen atoms joined to a single oxygen atom, the composition captured in the familiar formula…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 22, 2026
Proven· Replicated

Radioactive Decay

Radioactive decay is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei spontaneously break down, releasing energy and particles and transforming into other…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Proven· Replicated

Conservation of Mass

The conservation of mass is the principle that, in any ordinary physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed. The total mass…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026
Proven· Replicated

The Periodic Table

The periodic table is the organizing chart of chemistry, arranging all the known chemical elements by their properties. It is one of the most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026