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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bypublic healthClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 11 of 11

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Sanitation

The safe management of human waste. It has saved more lives than any medical treatment, it is the least discussed of the major public health…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Medical Screening

Testing people without symptoms to detect disease early. It saves lives in specific programmes and causes harm in others, and distinguishing between…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Disease Surveillance

The continuous collection and analysis of health data to detect outbreaks, monitor trends and guide response. It is the information system on which…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Contact Tracing

Identifying the people an infected person may have exposed, so they can be tested, treated or asked to isolate before they infect others. It is a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Quarantine

The separation and restriction of movement of people who may have been exposed to a contagious disease, to see whether they become ill. It is among…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Sewage Treatment

The process of removing contaminants from wastewater before returning it to the environment. It is among the least discussed and most consequential…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Contested

Ultra-Processed Foods

The claim that industrial food processing itself, rather than the nutrient content of the resulting food, causes harm. The association with poor…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

Pasteurisation

Heating a liquid to a controlled temperature for a controlled time kills enough pathogens to make it safe without destroying it. It is among the most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Lead-Crime Hypothesis

The proposal that childhood exposure to lead, principally from leaded petrol, raised violent crime rates a generation later, and that removing it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Overdiagnosis

Overdiagnosis is the correct detection of a condition that would never have caused symptoms or harm during the person's life. It is not misdiagnosis…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory

The Basic Reproduction Number

R nought is the average number of people one infectious person infects in a population with no immunity and no countermeasures. It is the single most…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026