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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byContestedClear all

Results

Showing 41 to 60 of 90

NewestMost votedA to Z
sociology
Contested

The Protestant Ethic Thesis

In 1905 Max Weber argued that the Protestant Reformation, and Calvinism in particular, produced a cultural disposition toward disciplined work and…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
sociology
Contested

The Stanford Prison Experiment

In August 1971 Philip Zimbardo assigned twenty-four male students at random to be guards or prisoners in a simulated prison in a Stanford University…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
sociology
Contested

Broken Windows Theory

Broken windows theory holds that visible signs of disorder, such as broken windows, graffiti, and public drinking, signal that a neighbourhood is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
law
Contested

Does the Death Penalty Deter?

Whether capital punishment deters murder more effectively than long imprisonment is an empirical question that has been studied for over half a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
law
Contested

Originalism

Originalism is the view that a constitution should be interpreted according to what it meant when it was adopted, and that its meaning does not…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
law
Contested

Natural Law and Legal Positivism

The central question in the philosophy of law is whether an unjust law is still law. Natural law theory says that at some point it is not: law and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
linguistics
Contested

The Critical Period Hypothesis

The critical period hypothesis holds that there is a window early in life during which language is acquired readily and after which full acquisition…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
linguistics
Contested

Universal Grammar

Universal grammar is the proposal that human beings are born with an innate, language-specific capacity that constrains the form any human language…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human mind, like the human body, was shaped by natural selection, and that many features of thought and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
philosophy
Contested

The Problem of Induction

The problem of induction is the observation that no amount of evidence logically guarantees a general conclusion. That the sun has risen every day so…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
philosophy
Contested

The Ship of Theseus

The ship of Theseus is a puzzle about identity over time. If every plank of a ship is replaced, one at a time, until no original material remains, is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Contested

The Tragedy of the Commons

The tragedy of the commons is the argument that a resource held in common will inevitably be destroyed, because each user gains the full benefit of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
economics
Contested

The Efficient Market Hypothesis

The efficient market hypothesis holds that asset prices reflect all available information, so that it is not possible to consistently beat the market…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Contested

The Turing Test

The Turing test is a proposal, made by Alan Turing in 1950, for sidestepping the question of whether a machine can think. Rather than defining…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Contested

P versus NP

P versus NP is the most important unsolved problem in computer science and one of the deepest open questions in mathematics. Informally it asks…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

The Origin of the Etruscans

The Etruscans were a sophisticated people who flourished in ancient Italy before Rome rose to power, leaving rich art and a language unlike any…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Contested

The Wow! Signal

The Wow! signal was a strong, unexplained radio signal detected in 1977 by a telescope scanning the sky for possible messages from other…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Contested

Ball Lightning

Ball lightning is a reported phenomenon in which a glowing, floating sphere of light appears, usually during thunderstorms. Many people claim to have…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

How the Pyramids Were Built

The Great Pyramids of Egypt are among the most astonishing structures ever built, yet exactly how the ancient Egyptians raised them, with millions of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrophysics
Contested

The Hubble Tension

The Hubble tension is a genuine and growing puzzle in cosmology: two careful ways of measuring how fast the universe is expanding give answers that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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