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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byProvengeneticsClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 9 of 9

NewestMost votedA to Z
Proven

The Two-Hit Hypothesis

Cancer caused by loss of a tumour suppressor requires both copies of the gene to be knocked out. Alfred Knudson deduced this in 1971 from the…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 4, 2026
Proven

The Cell Cycle

The ordered sequence a cell follows to duplicate itself, controlled by checkpoints that stop it proceeding until the previous stage is complete.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

Circadian Rhythms

Almost every organism runs an internal clock with a period of about a day, generated by a molecular feedback loop inside individual cells. It runs…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The Polymerase Chain Reaction

A method for making billions of copies of a chosen stretch of DNA from a starting sample too small to work with. It made genetic testing, forensic…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

DNA Replication

Copying a genome of three billion letters, at a final error rate of about one in a billion, in a few hours, every time a cell divides. The mechanism…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

Meiosis

The cell division that halves the chromosome number and shuffles the genome at the same time. It is the reason sexual reproduction produces…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

In a large population with random mating and nothing else happening, gene frequencies do not change from one generation to the next. It sounds like a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Replicated

CRISPR Gene Editing

CRISPR is a method for cutting DNA at a chosen location, which makes editing a genome a routine laboratory procedure rather than a specialist feat.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Replicated

The DNA Double Helix

The double helix is the elegant twisted-ladder shape of the DNA molecule, the chemical that carries the genetic instructions of every living thing.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 19, 2026