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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byContestedhistoryClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 16 of 16

NewestMost votedA to Z
Contested

The Collapse of Easter Island

Whether the people of Rapa Nui destroyed their own society by deforesting the island, or whether the collapse was caused by European contact, disease…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 4, 2026
Contested

Urban Renewal

The mid-twentieth-century programme of clearing dense older neighbourhoods and rebuilding them to a plan. It reshaped cities across North America and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Axial Age

The claim that between roughly 800 and 200 BC, several unconnected civilisations independently produced a similar transformation in religious and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Historical Jesus

The attempt to describe Jesus of Nazareth using the methods historians apply to any other figure of antiquity, setting aside theological claims. That…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Green Revolution

Between the 1950s and the 1980s, new crop varieties and the inputs they required roughly tripled cereal production across much of Asia and Latin…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Brutalism

Brutalism is a postwar architectural movement built around exposed structure and raw concrete. It produced buildings that are among the most admired…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Democratic Peace Theory

Democratic peace theory holds that democracies do not, or almost never, go to war with one another. It is among the strongest empirical regularities…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Protestant Ethic Thesis

In 1905 Max Weber argued that the Protestant Reformation, and Calvinism in particular, produced a cultural disposition toward disciplined work and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Origin of the Etruscans

The Etruscans were a sophisticated people who flourished in ancient Italy before Rome rose to power, leaving rich art and a language unlike any…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Contested

How the Pyramids Were Built

The Great Pyramids of Egypt are among the most astonishing structures ever built, yet exactly how the ancient Egyptians raised them, with millions of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Contested

The Origins of Modern Humans

Where and how our own species, Homo sapiens, arose is a question of intense scientific interest. The broad outline, an African origin, is well…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Contested

Why the Neanderthals Died Out

Neanderthals were a species of ancient humans who lived across Europe and Asia for hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing around 40,000…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Contested

How the Americas Were Settled

How and when the first people reached the Americas is a genuinely contested question. That humans came from Asia is clear, but the timing and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026
Contested

The Origin of Language

How human language first arose is one of the hardest questions in science. That we alone among animals possess full language is clear; when, how, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026
Contested

The Bronze Age Collapse

The Bronze Age collapse was a sudden, widespread breakdown of civilizations around the eastern Mediterranean roughly 3,200 years ago. Within a few…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026
Contested

What Killed the Dinosaurs

Around sixty six million years ago, the dinosaurs and many other forms of life suddenly vanished in one of the great mass extinctions in Earth's…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026