The Origin of the Etruscans
The Etruscans were a sophisticated people who flourished in ancient Italy before Rome rose to power, leaving rich art and a language unlike any…
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How the Pyramids Were Built
The Great Pyramids of Egypt are among the most astonishing structures ever built, yet exactly how the ancient Egyptians raised them, with millions of…
The Origins of Modern Humans
Where and how our own species, Homo sapiens, arose is a question of intense scientific interest. The broad outline, an African origin, is well…
Why the Neanderthals Died Out
Neanderthals were a species of ancient humans who lived across Europe and Asia for hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing around 40,000…
How the Americas Were Settled
How and when the first people reached the Americas is a genuinely contested question. That humans came from Asia is clear, but the timing and the…
The Origin of Language
How human language first arose is one of the hardest questions in science. That we alone among animals possess full language is clear; when, how, and…
The Bronze Age Collapse
The Bronze Age collapse was a sudden, widespread breakdown of civilizations around the eastern Mediterranean roughly 3,200 years ago. Within a few…
What Killed the Dinosaurs
Around sixty six million years ago, the dinosaurs and many other forms of life suddenly vanished in one of the great mass extinctions in Earth's…