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Truth Classification

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Theory
Hypothesis
Proven
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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028 Fact599 Proven130 Theory89 Hypothesis71 Contested90 Debunked48

geography236 biology88 physics67 history54 medicine45 astronomy33 psychology26 mathematics26 chemistry20 engineering20 astrophysics19 neuroscience19 anthropology18 art18

Filtered bymedicine Clear all

Results

Showing 21 to 40 of 45

Newest Most voted A to Z

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

The proposal that psychosis results from excess dopamine signalling. It has organised psychiatry for sixty years, it was inferred backwards from…

0 votes0 reviews

Aug 3, 2026

Semmelweis and Handwashing

A Hungarian obstetrician worked out in 1847 that doctors were killing women in childbirth by carrying something on their hands from the dissection…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Serotonin Hypothesis of Depression

The proposal that depression is caused by low serotonin, and that antidepressants work by correcting it. The popular version of this claim is not…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A way of photographing the inside of a living body in any plane, at high resolution, without ionising radiation, by making hydrogen nuclei resonate…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Randomised Controlled Trial

Assign people to treatments by chance, and the groups differ only by chance. It is a simple idea, it is the most reliable method medicine has for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Amyloid Hypothesis

The proposal that Alzheimer's disease is caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta protein in the brain. It has directed the field for over thirty…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

The Circulation of the Blood

William Harvey demonstrated in 1628 that blood circulates in a closed loop driven by the heart. He proved it by measurement, against a doctrine that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

General Anaesthesia

Surgery without pain, without memory, and without movement, produced reliably millions of times a year. That it works is beyond question. How it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026

Proven· Replicated

HIV Causes AIDS

It is established beyond reasonable doubt that AIDS, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is caused by infection with HIV, the human…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 22, 2026

Proven· Replicated

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to survive the drugs designed to kill them. It is one of the most direct and observable examples of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 20, 2026

Proven· Replicated

The Eradication of Smallpox

Smallpox was one of the deadliest diseases in human history, killing hundreds of millions of people over thousands of years. In 1980 the World Health…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 20, 2026

Do Vaccines Cause Autism?

The claim that vaccines cause autism is one of the most damaging medical myths of modern times. It has been investigated exhaustively and thoroughly…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Proven· Clinical

mRNA Vaccines

mRNA vaccines are a new type of vaccine that teaches the body to fight a disease by delivering genetic instructions rather than a weakened or…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Proven· Clinical

Human Blood Types

Human blood comes in different types, determined by molecules on the surface of red blood cells. The discovery of blood types made safe blood…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

What Causes Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, slowly destroying memory and thinking. That it damages the brain is clear, but what…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026

Proven· Replicated

The Circulation of Blood

The circulation of blood is the continuous movement of blood around the body, pumped by the heart through a network of vessels. This understanding,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 11, 2026

Miasma Theory

Miasma theory was the belief that diseases such as cholera and the plague were caused by "bad air," a poisonous vapor thought to rise from rotting…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 31, 2026

Humorism: The Four Humors

Humorism, or humoral theory, was the belief that human health depends on the balance of four bodily fluids, called humors: blood, phlegm, yellow…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 26, 2026

Proven· Clinical

Handwashing Prevents Infection

Washing the hands with soap and water is one of the simplest and most powerful tools in all of medicine for preventing the spread of disease. It is a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsMay 6, 2026

Theory· Scientific

Germ Theory of Disease

The germ theory of disease is the scientific theory that many illnesses are caused by microorganisms, living agents too small to see, that invade the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsApr 4, 2026

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