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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bymeasurementClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 10 of 10

NewestMost votedA to Z
economics
Fact

Accounting

The systematic recording and reporting of financial activity. Double-entry bookkeeping is among the more consequential inventions in the history of…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
geography
Fact

Cartography

The making of maps. Every map is a deliberate distortion, because the surface of a sphere cannot be laid flat without stretching something, and every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact

Timekeeping

Measuring the passage of time and dividing it into units. Every method works by counting something that repeats regularly, and the history of the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Fact

Sampling

Selecting part of a population in order to draw conclusions about the whole. It is what makes measurement of large populations possible, and how the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
quantum physics
Fact

The Uncertainty Principle

The result that certain pairs of physical properties cannot both have precisely defined values at the same time. It is a statement about what quantum…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Fact

The Normal Distribution

The symmetric bell-shaped probability distribution that arises whenever many small independent influences add together. It is the most important…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

The Implicit Association Test

A reaction-time task intended to measure automatic associations that a person may not report or may not be aware of. It is among the most widely…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven

The Hall Effect

Pass a current through a conductor in a magnetic field and a voltage appears across it, perpendicular to both. Discovered by a graduate student in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Proven

The Expansion of the Universe

Distant galaxies recede from us, and the further away they are the faster they go. The observation established that the universe has a history rather…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Proven· Mathematical Proof

Regression to the Mean

Regression to the mean is the tendency for an extreme measurement to be followed by one closer to average, for no reason other than that extremes…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews