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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bylanguageClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 12 of 12

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Grammar

The system of rules governing how words combine into phrases and sentences in a language. Every language has one, every speaker knows it without…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

Language Families

Groups of languages descended from a common ancestor. The relationships are established by systematic correspondence rather than by resemblance, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Poetry

Language organised for its sound and rhythm as well as its meaning. It is older than prose literature, older than writing, and its formal constraints…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Translation

Rendering meaning from one language into another. It is never a mechanical substitution of words, because languages divide the world differently, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Programming Languages

Formal languages for specifying computations that a machine can carry out. They exist because instructing a computer in the numeric codes it actually…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Fact

Writing Systems

The methods by which spoken language is recorded in visible marks. Writing has been invented independently only a small number of times, and every…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Hypothesis

The Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes proposed in 1976 that people three thousand years ago were not conscious in the way we are, that they experienced their own thoughts as…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The McGurk Effect

Watch a face saying one syllable while hearing another, and you perceive a third that was never present in either. Speech perception turns out to be…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Critical Period Hypothesis

The critical period hypothesis holds that there is a window early in life during which language is acquired readily and after which full acquisition…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory

Proto-Indo-European

Proto-Indo-European is a language nobody has ever heard, that left no written record, and whose vocabulary and grammar have nonetheless been…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Universal Grammar

Universal grammar is the proposal that human beings are born with an innate, language-specific capacity that constrains the form any human language…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Does Language Shape Thought

Does the language we speak shape the way we think? This question, sometimes called linguistic relativity, has fascinated and divided scholars for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026