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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bymedicineneuroscienceClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 8 of 8

NewestMost votedA to Z
Debunked

Lobotomy

The surgical severing of connections to the frontal lobes as a treatment for mental illness. It was performed on tens of thousands of people between…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

The proposal that schizophrenia involves underactive NMDA receptors rather than, or as well as, excess dopamine. It explains what the dopamine…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Hypothesis

The Gut-Brain Axis

The proposal that gut microbes influence mood, behaviour and neurological disease, and that altering them could treat psychiatric and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

The proposal that psychosis results from excess dopamine signalling. It has organised psychiatry for sixty years, it was inferred backwards from…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Serotonin Hypothesis of Depression

The proposal that depression is caused by low serotonin, and that antidepressants work by correcting it. The popular version of this claim is not…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Hypothesis

The Amyloid Hypothesis

The proposal that Alzheimer's disease is caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta protein in the brain. It has directed the field for over thirty…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

General Anaesthesia

Surgery without pain, without memory, and without movement, produced reliably millions of times a year. That it works is beyond question. How it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

What Causes Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, slowly destroying memory and thinking. That it damages the brain is clear, but what…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsJun 12, 2026