Gravitational Lensing
Gravitational lensing is the bending of light from distant objects by the gravity of massive bodies that lie in between, which can magnify and…
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The Cosmic Microwave Background
The cosmic microwave background is a faint glow of microwave radiation that fills all of space, the leftover heat from the early universe. Its…
Exoplanets
Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other than our Sun. For centuries their existence was only speculation; today thousands have been confirmed,…
The Expansion of the Universe
The universe is expanding: the galaxies are, on average, moving apart, and the space between them is stretching. Once a startling discovery, the…
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the understanding that the Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun, rather than the Sun and everything else orbiting the Earth.…
The Age of the Universe
The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. Once a matter of wide uncertainty and heated debate, this figure is now known with remarkable…
The Speed of Light
The speed of light in a vacuum is a fixed, fundamental constant of nature, equal to about 299,792 kilometres per second. It is the fastest speed at…