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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byscienceClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 25

NewestMost votedA to Z
science
Fact

Units of Measurement

Defined quantities against which other quantities are compared. Their standardisation is a precondition for trade, engineering and science, and the…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
science
Fact

The Scientific Method

The set of practices by which scientific claims are tested against evidence. It is not a single fixed procedure, and its most important components…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
science
Fact

Peer Review

The evaluation of scholarly work by others in the same field before publication. It is the central quality mechanism of academic publishing, it is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
chemistry
Fact

Acids and Bases

Two complementary classes of substance, defined by what they do with protons or with electron pairs. The distinction organises a large part of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Contested

The Replication Crisis

The replication crisis is the finding that a substantial share of published research results cannot be reproduced when the studies are repeated. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
statistics
Contested

Statistical Significance

Statistical significance is a threshold used to decide whether a result is worth taking seriously. The conventional cutoff, a p-value below 0.05,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
philosophy
Contested

The Problem of Induction

The problem of induction is the observation that no amount of evidence logically guarantees a general conclusion. That the sun has risen every day so…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Fact· Historical

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was an Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, a revolutionary and controversial approach to understanding the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Franklin (1920 to 1958) was a British scientist whose work was crucial to discovering the structure of DNA, the molecule of heredity. Long…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was a landmark international effort to map all of the genetic information in a human being. Completed in 2003 after more…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall (born 1934) is a British primatologist whose groundbreaking study of wild chimpanzees transformed our understanding of animals and of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Fact· Historical

Carl Sagan

Carl Sagan (1934 to 1996) was an American astronomer and science communicator who did more than almost anyone to bring the wonder of the cosmos to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrophysics
Fact· Historical

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking (1942 to 2018) was a British theoretical physicist who became one of the most famous scientists of his time, renowned for his work on…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
philosophy
Fact· Historical

Aristotle

Aristotle (384 to 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist whose work shaped Western thought for two thousand years. He wrote on an…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Fact· Historical

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei (1564 to 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer, often called the father of modern science. By insisting on…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Fact· Historical

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin (1809 to 1882) was an English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection transformed our understanding of life. He…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Fact· Historical

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton (1642 to 1727) was an English mathematician and physicist, widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. His…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astronomy
Fact· Empirical

International Space Station

The International Space Station, or ISS, is a large spacecraft in orbit around the Earth that serves as a home and laboratory for astronauts. The…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biography
Fact· Historical

Katherine Johnson

Katherine Johnson was an American mathematician whose precise calculations of orbital mechanics were critical to the success of the United States'…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biography
Fact· Historical

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance whose range across art and science has made his name a byword for genius. Born in…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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