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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered bymethodClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 11 of 11

NewestMost votedA to Z
Fact

Correlation

A statistical measure of how far two variables move together. It is among the most widely used quantities in research and among the most widely…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
Aug 5, 2026
Fact

The Scientific Method

The set of practices by which scientific claims are tested against evidence. It is not a single fixed procedure, and its most important components…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 5, 2026
Hypothesis

The Molecular Clock

The proposal that genetic differences accumulate at a roughly constant rate, so counting them dates the split between two lineages. It transformed…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 4, 2026
Proven

Spectroscopy

Every element absorbs and emits light at a unique set of wavelengths. Reading those wavelengths identifies what something is made of without touching…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

The Randomised Controlled Trial

Assign people to treatments by chance, and the groups differ only by chance. It is a simple idea, it is the most reliable method medicine has for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven

X-ray Crystallography

A technique for determining the arrangement of atoms in a solid by firing X-rays at a crystal and reading the pattern they scatter into. It has…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

The Replication Crisis

The replication crisis is the finding that a substantial share of published research results cannot be reproduced when the studies are repeated. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Proven· Mathematical Proof

Regression to the Mean

Regression to the mean is the tendency for an extreme measurement to be followed by one closer to average, for no reason other than that extremes…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Contested

Statistical Significance

Statistical significance is a threshold used to decide whether a result is worth taking seriously. The conventional cutoff, a p-value below 0.05,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory· Scientific

Extreme Event Attribution

Extreme event attribution is the field that answers the question people ask after every flood, heatwave, and storm: did climate change cause this?…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026
Theory

Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy is the study of layers, and the principle that where deposits lie undisturbed the lower ones were laid down before the upper ones. It…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviewsAug 3, 2026