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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byhistoryClear all

Results

Showing 101 to 120 of 172

NewestMost votedA to Z
history
Contested

The Origin of the Etruscans

The Etruscans were a sophisticated people who flourished in ancient Italy before Rome rose to power, leaving rich art and a language unlike any…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

How the Pyramids Were Built

The Great Pyramids of Egypt are among the most astonishing structures ever built, yet exactly how the ancient Egyptians raised them, with millions of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

The Origins of Modern Humans

Where and how our own species, Homo sapiens, arose is a question of intense scientific interest. The broad outline, an African origin, is well…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Contested

Why the Neanderthals Died Out

Neanderthals were a species of ancient humans who lived across Europe and Asia for hundreds of thousands of years before disappearing around 40,000…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 to 1968) was an American Baptist minister and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement, which fought to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

Cleopatra

Cleopatra (69 to 30 BC) was the last active ruler of ancient Egypt, a shrewd and highly educated queen whose alliances with the most powerful men of…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (1809 to 1865) was the sixteenth President of the United States, who led the nation through its civil war and brought an end to…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi (1869 to 1948) was the leader of India's independence movement against British rule, famous for his philosophy of nonviolent…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Debunked

Piltdown Man

Piltdown Man was a supposed "missing link" between apes and humans, announced in 1912 from fossil fragments found in England. For decades it misled…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

How the Americas Were Settled

How and when the first people reached the Americas is a genuinely contested question. That humans came from Asia is clear, but the timing and the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Debunked

Vitalism

Vitalism was the long held belief that living things contain a special, non physical "vital force" or "life energy" that animates them and that…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Debunked

The Caloric Theory

The caloric theory was an explanation of heat, widely accepted into the early nineteenth century, which held that heat is an invisible, weightless…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
psychology
Contested

The Origin of Language

How human language first arose is one of the hardest questions in science. That we alone among animals possess full language is clear; when, how, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
engineering
Fact· Historical

The Wright Brothers' First Flight

On 17 December 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first sustained, controlled flight of a…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
agriculture
Fact· Historical

Tea

Tea is a drink made by steeping the cured leaves of the tea plant in hot water. After plain water, it is the most widely consumed beverage in the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

The Acropolis of Athens

The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel on a rocky hill above the city, crowned by the temples of classical Greece. Its most famous building,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

The Vikings

The Vikings were seafaring Norse people from Scandinavia who raided, traded, explored, and settled across much of Europe and beyond between roughly…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
art
Fact· Historical

The Mona Lisa

The Mona Lisa is a portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the early sixteenth century, now hanging in the Louvre in Paris. The most famous painting…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Fact· Historical

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition, beginning in Britain in the late eighteenth century, from making goods by hand to making them with…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
history
Contested

The Bronze Age Collapse

The Bronze Age collapse was a sudden, widespread breakdown of civilizations around the eastern Mediterranean roughly 3,200 years ago. Within a few…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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