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Truth Classification

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Capsule of the Day

DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byearth-scienceClear all

Results

Showing 1 to 20 of 29

NewestMost votedA to Z
earth science
Fact

Weather Forecasting

Predicting atmospheric conditions from measurements of the present state. It became genuinely accurate only in the past few decades, and its…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Fact

Soil

The layer of weathered mineral material, organic matter, water, air and organisms covering most land surfaces. It supports essentially all…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Fact

The Atmosphere

The layer of gas held around the Earth by gravity. It supplies the oxygen and carbon dioxide life requires, moderates temperature, blocks harmful…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Fact

The Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water between ocean, atmosphere, land and living things. The quantity is fixed; what changes is where it is and in what…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Theory

Milankovitch Cycles

The proposal that ice ages are paced by slow, predictable variations in Earth's orbit and axial orientation, which redistribute sunlight across…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Proven

Tides

The periodic rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun acting unequally across the Earth. The cause has been…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
climate science
Contested

Climate Tipping Points

A climate tipping point is a threshold beyond which part of the Earth system shifts into a different state, and does not shift back when the forcing…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Proven· Replicated

The Spherical Earth

That the Earth is a sphere, very slightly flattened at the poles, is one of the most thoroughly established facts in all of science. It has been…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Proven· Replicated

Climate Change

Climate change refers to the long term warming of the Earth and the shifts in weather patterns that come with it. That the planet is warming, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Contested

What Killed the Ice Age Megafauna

At the end of the last ice age, many of the world's largest animals, the megafauna, went extinct, from woolly mammoths to giant ground sloths.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Contested

What Caused the Great Dying

The Permian extinction, often called the Great Dying, was the most severe mass extinction in Earth's history, around 252 million years ago, when the…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Hypothesis

Snowball Earth

Snowball Earth is the hypothesis that, on one or more occasions in the distant past, our planet froze over almost completely, with ice reaching from…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biology
Contested

The Cambrian Explosion

The Cambrian explosion was a remarkable burst of evolution, beginning around 540 million years ago, when most of the major groups of animals appeared…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
physics
Proven· Replicated

The Coriolis Effect

The Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects, such as air and water, when viewed from a rotating frame like the spinning Earth.…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Theory

Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism is the foundational principle of geology: that the same natural processes we observe today, such as erosion, sedimentation, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Contested

What Causes the Ice Ages

Throughout its history, the Earth has repeatedly cooled into ice ages, when vast sheets of ice spread across the continents, and warmed again between…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
geology
Proven· Replicated

The Age of the Earth

The Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. This figure, once fiercely debated, is now established with great precision through the radioactive dating…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Theory

The Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in a planet's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the surface warmer than it would otherwise…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Contested

What Killed the Dinosaurs

Around sixty six million years ago, the dinosaurs and many other forms of life suddenly vanished in one of the great mass extinctions in Earth's…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
earth science
Theory· Scientific

Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's outer shell is broken into a set of large, rigid plates that drift slowly over the hotter,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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