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DebunkedThe PolygraphThe instrument popularly called a lie detector, which records breathing, blood pressure, pulse and skin conductance dur…

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The library

Capsules

1,028 capsules, each one classified by the strength of its evidence.

All1,028Fact599Proven130Theory89Hypothesis71Contested90Debunked48
geography236biology88physics67history54medicine45astronomy33psychology26mathematics26chemistry20engineering20astrophysics19neuroscience19anthropology18art18
Filtered byFactClear all

Results

Showing 161 to 180 of 599

NewestMost votedA to Z
earth science
Fact

The Atmosphere

The layer of gas held around the Earth by gravity. It supplies the oxygen and carbon dioxide life requires, moderates temperature, blocks harmful…

byCapsule
0 votes0 reviews
criminology
Fact

Prisons

Institutions in which people are confined as punishment. Imprisonment as the standard penalty for serious crime is a comparatively recent invention,…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
computer science
Fact

Databases

Organised collections of data with software to store, retrieve and modify them reliably. Almost every application of any size is a user interface…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
climate science
Fact

The Jet Stream

Narrow bands of fast wind near the top of the troposphere, flowing generally west to east. They steer weather systems across the middle latitudes and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biotechnology
Fact

Monoclonal Antibodies

Identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, all binding the same target at the same site. They turned the immune system's specificity…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
biochemistry
Fact

Metabolism

The complete set of chemical reactions that sustain a living organism. It extracts energy from the environment, builds and maintains structures, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrophysics
Fact

Supernovae

The explosive destruction of a star, briefly outshining an entire galaxy. Supernovae produce and disperse most of the heavy elements, they trigger…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
astrobiology
Fact

The Habitable Zone

The range of distances from a star within which a planet could hold liquid water on its surface. It is the standard first filter in the search for…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
architecture
Fact

The Dome

A roof formed as a hollow hemisphere or similar curved shell. It spans large spaces without internal supports, it works entirely in compression, and…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
archaeology
Fact

Stone Tools

Implements made by deliberately fracturing stone. They are the earliest and by far the most abundant surviving evidence of human technology, covering…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
anthropology
Fact

Rites of Passage

Ceremonies marking a person's movement from one social position to another. They appear in every documented society, and they share a three-part…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
molecular biology
Fact

The Ribosome

The molecular machine that reads genetic messages and builds proteins from them. It is present in every living cell, it is largely made of RNA rather…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
oceanography
Fact

Coral Reefs

Structures built by colonial animals from calcium carbonate, occupying a tiny fraction of the ocean floor and supporting a very large share of its…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
urban planning
Fact

Zoning

The regulation of what may be built where, by dividing a city into districts with different permitted uses and building limits. It is the primary…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
religion
Fact

Pilgrimage

Travel to a place held sacred, undertaken as a religious act. It appears in nearly every major tradition, it moves enormous numbers of people, and it…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
quantum physics
Fact

Wave-Particle Duality

The finding that light and matter both display wave behaviour in some experiments and particle behaviour in others, and that no single classical…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
political science
Fact

Democracy

Rule by the people, in practice meaning a system in which political authority derives from citizens through regular competitive elections, exercised…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
paleontology
Fact

Fossils

The preserved remains or traces of past life. They are the direct evidence for the history of life on Earth, and the record they form is…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
oceanography
Fact

Ocean Currents

Persistent flows of seawater, driven at the surface by wind and at depth by differences in density. They redistribute an enormous quantity of heat…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
molecular biology
Fact

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule closely related to DNA that carries genetic messages, performs chemical work, and regulates which genes are used. It was…

byCapsule0 votes0 reviews
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