Science's graveyard: ideas the evidence retired
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Eighteen ideas that serious people once believed, each beside the evidence that retired it. Being wrong in public is how science moves.
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Physics, chemistry and the sky

Debunked
Phlogiston Theory

Proven
Conservation of Mass

Debunked
The Caloric Theory

Debunked
The Luminiferous Aether

Proven
The Michelson-Morley Experiment

Debunked
The Geocentric Model

Debunked
The Steady State Theory

Proven
The Cosmic Microwave Background

Debunked
The Expanding Earth

Debunked
The Planet Vulcan

Debunked
The Martian Canals

Fact
The Scientific Method

Theory
Germ Theory of Disease

Debunked
Humorism: The Four Humors

Proven
The Randomised Controlled Trial

Debunked
Spontaneous Generation

Theory
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis

Debunked
Cold Fusion at Room Temperature
None of these were silly at the time. Each fitted the evidence people had. They were retired because someone measured something new.
Epigenetics brought back a small echo of Lamarck: some marks on genes can pass to offspring. It does not rescue the old theory.
Question
Which idea we hold today will end up on a board like this one?