Food fights: what the nutrition evidence says
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Fat, salt, breakfast and ultra-processed food: what is settled, what is still argued, and why nutrition science is so hard to do.
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Still argued
The basics
Why it is hard to know
Contested
Dietary Fat and Heart Disease
Contested
Salt and Blood Pressure
Contested
Ultra-Processed Foods
Contested
Microplastics and Human Health
Fact
Carbohydrates
Fact
Dietary Fibre
Fact
Vitamins
Fact
Salt
Fact
Lipids
Fact
Metabolism
Proven
The Randomised Controlled Trial
Fact
Correlation
Hypothesis
The Thrifty Gene Hypothesis
Hypothesis
The Gut-Brain Axis
Debunked
Breakfast as the Most Important Meal
Contested
The Replication Crisis
Most diet studies follow what people already eat. They can show a link, rarely a cause, and people who eat one way often live differently in other ways too.
Question
Why do nutrition headlines seem to reverse every few years?